Computer Architecture ECT 206

It refers to the process by which a computer retrieves an instruction from memory, decodes it to determine the operation, and then executes that operation.

The address of the subroutine is included within the Call instruction itself.

The main components include the arithmetic and logic unit, control unit, registers, memory for data and instructions, input/output interface, and external storage functions.

<p>The program counter is reloaded from the stack-top with the address of the next instruction to execute.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary disadvantage is the bottleneck created by using the same memory and bus for both data and instructions, which prevents simultaneous access.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The stack stores addresses and data necessary for managing control during interrupts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Harvard architecture stores instructions and data in separate memory units, allowing for simultaneous access to both, which removes the bottleneck.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Binary multiplication operates similarly to decimal multiplication, often resembling the ANDing operation in Boolean algebra.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The bottleneck refers to the delay that occurs when the CPU cannot simultaneously access program memory and data memory, causing unused outputs to wait.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The modified Harvard architecture lacks physical separation between instruction and data memory, but logically functions like the Von-Neumann architecture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The integers 2 and 3 were used to illustrate binary multiplication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The stack stores the address of the next instruction for sequential execution after the subroutine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The control unit directs the operation of the processor and coordinates the execution of instructions by controlling the flow of data within the computer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The paper and pencil method for binary multiplication follows a systematic approach, mirroring techniques used in decimal multiplication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Modern computers may implement a modified Harvard architecture, leveraging the flexibility of unified memory while preserving some benefits of independent data processing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Automatic control transfer simplifies the programming process and allows for more efficient execution of repeated tasks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tri-state buffers control the flow of data to and from each flip-flop, allowing for data to either be read from or written to the memory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The storage operation is enabled by the clock signal in conjunction with the memory write signal and the location-select signal from the decoder.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The two main control signals are READ and WRITE.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The clock signal synchronizes operations, while the reset signal initializes the processor to a known state.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The state of the READ and WRITE control signals indicates whether the processor is awaiting data (READ) or transmitting data (WRITE).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The data line pairs are connected together to form a bus of 8 data lines, labeled from DO to D7.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The essential input signals are the clock and reset signals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary function of the processor is to execute programs that are composed of multiple instructions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The binary representations 0010 (for 2) and 0011 (for 3) are written one below the other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The maximum product of two 4-bit numbers can be 8 bits long.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Repeated additions involve adding one number to itself multiple times to achieve the product, but it is time-consuming.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Booth's algorithm is a multiplication technique that uses two's complement representation for binary numbers, applicable for both positive and negative integers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Arithmetic right-shift shifts all bits one bit to the right, discarding the least significant bit while keeping the most significant bit unchanged.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In arithmetic right-shift, the most significant bit remains unchanged, while in a normal right-shift, this bit is also shifted.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>During a normal right-shift, the least significant bit is pushed into the carry flag, affecting subsequent operations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Understanding arithmetic right-shift is essential for correctly implementing Booth's algorithm, as it relies on sign preservation during multiplication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>After shifting, R becomes 0010 and Q becomes 1000.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is set to 1 to ensure that the sign of R remains unchanged after the operation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The quotient is 0010 (2 in decimal) and the remainder is 0001 (1 in decimal).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The two approaches are Fixed Point Notation and Floating Point Notation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fixed Point Notation has a fixed number of digits after the decimal point, while Floating Point Notation allows for a varying number of digits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Binary representation simplifies design and storage, and enhances accuracy and precision.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The most popular system is the binary number system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The completion of the division operation indicates that the value of C has been decremented to 0.</p> Signup and view all the answers