Computer Architecture and Organization: Memory Systems

To describe the structure of a database with the help of a diagram.

Entity set and relationship set.

By showing the relationship among tables and their attributes.

<p>A group of similar entities with attributes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It helps identify the entities existing in a system and the relationships between those entities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allows drawing database design, is an easy-to-use graphical tool for modeling data, and is widely used in database design.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To define terms related to entity relationship modeling, provide a preview of table connections, describe entities, attributes, and relationships, and translate into relational tables for database implementation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Entity sets</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Attributes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Relationship Set</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They link attributes to entity sets and entity sets to relationship set</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An entity that cannot be uniquely identified by its own attributes and relies on the relationship with other entity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To be identified uniquely by considering the primary key of another entity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A field within the weak entity set that helps in uniquely identifying the entity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A type of entity set that always has a primary key</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To represent multivalued attributes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Location, capacity, unit of transfer, word, addressable units, and access mode.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Internal memory includes processor registers, cache, and main memory, while external memory includes optical disks, magnetic disks, and tapes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In terms of words, with common lengths being 8, 16, and 32 bits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is the number of bits read out of or written into memory at a time, and it need not equal a word or an addressable unit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Access mode refers to the method of accessing units of data, such as sequential access, which requires access in a specific linear sequence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The word is the 'natural' unit of organization of memory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Random access has constant access time independent of prior accesses, while sequential access has variable access time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Associative memory allows data to be identified for access by the content of the data itself rather than by an address or memory location. Its access time is constant and independent of location or prior access pattern.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>For random-access memory, access time is the time it takes to perform a read or write operation. For non-random-access memory, access time is the time it takes to position the read–write mechanism at the desired location.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Memory cycle time is primarily applied to random-access memory. It is calculated as the access time plus any additional time required before a second access can commence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>For random-access memory, the transfer rate is equal to 1/(cycle time). For non-random-access memory, the transfer rate is determined by T = Average time to read or write n bits, n = Number of bits, R = Transfer rate in bits per second (bps).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The physical types of memory include semiconductor memory, magnetic surface memory, and optical and magneto-optical memory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organization refers to the physical arrangement of bits to form words in memory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Volatile memory loses its data when the power is turned off, while non-volatile memory retains its data even when the power is turned off.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Direct access involves accessing a specific block or record by a unique address based on physical location. Access is accomplished by direct access to reach a general vicinity plus sequential searching, counting, or waiting to reach the final location.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Magnetic tape uses sequential access, which involves variable access time, while magnetic disk uses direct access, which has constant access time.</p> Signup and view all the answers