Computer Acronyms

• CSS stands for Computer Systems Servicing.
• TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol.
• ISA stands for Instruction Set Architecture/Industrial Standard Architecture.
• CMOS stands for Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor.
• BIOS stands for Basic Input Output Setup.
• PCB stands for Printed Circuit Board.
• SATA stands for Serial Advanced Technology Attachment.
• IDE stands for Integrated Device Electronic.
• USB stands for Universal Serial Bus.
• GPU stands for Graphical Processing Unit.
• CPU stands for Central Processing Unit.
• GUI stands for Graphical User Interface.
• VGA stands for Video Graphic Array.
• PS/2 stands for Personal System 2.
• LPT stands for Line Print Terminal Parallel Port.
• LIF stands for Low Insertion Force.
• ZIF stands for Zero Insertion Force.
• AVR stands for Automatic Voltage Regulator.
• DDR RAM stands for Double Data Rate RAM.
• SD RAM stands for Synchronous Dynamic RAM.
• DVD ROM stands for Digital Versatile Disk-Read Only Memory.
• PCI stands for Peripheral Component Interconnect.
• PCI-E stands for Peripheral Component Interconnect Express.
• MS-DOS stands for Microsoft Disk Operating System.
• ATX stands for Advanced Technology-Extended.
• FTP stands for File Transfer Protocol.
• HTTP stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol.
• PAN stands for Personal Area Network.
• WPAN stands for Wireless Personal Area Network.
• WAN stands for Wide Area Network.
• SAN stands for Storage Area Network.
• MAN stands for Metropolitan Area Network.
• HAN stands for Home Area Network.
• CAN stands for Campus Area Network.
• WIFI stands for Wireless Fidelity.
• HDD stands for Hard Disk Drive.
• FDD stands for Floppy Disk Drive.
• SSD stands for Solid State Drive.
• NVMe stands for Non-Volatile Memory Express.
• ROMBIOS stands for Read-Only Basic Input Output Setup.
• AGP stands for Accelerated Graphics Port.
• RAM stands for Random Access Memory.
• DIMM stands for Dual Inline Memory Module.
• SIMM stands for Single Inline Memory Module.
• RIMM stands for Rambus Inline Memory Module.
• API stands for Application Program Interface.
• CLI stands for Command Line Interface.
• HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language.
• SSID stands for Service Set Identifier.
• RJ45 stands for Registered Jack 45.
• HDMI stands for High Definition Multimedia Interface.
• LED stands for Light-Emitting Diode.
• CRT stands for Cathode Ray Tube.
• LCD stands for Liquid Crystal Display.
• CD stands for Compact Disc.
• DVD stands for Digital Video Disc.
• URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator.
• NTFS stands for New Technology File System.
• FAT stands for File Allocation Table.
• CSU stands for Computer System Unit.

Networking & Security Concepts

• WPA2-Enterprise verifies network users through a server, requiring a more complex setup for additional security.
• Port number identifies a specific process to which a network message is forwarded on a server.
• A bot is an automated software program executing commands upon receiving specific input.
• File System Quota enables administrators to configure storage thresholds on data sets stored on server NTFS volumes.
• Failover in Windows Server allows workload migration between source and target clusters.
• Counter Logs record performance statistics based on objects and instances available in Performance Monitor.
• CHKDSK is a Recovery Console command that examines and repairs volume errors.
• Normal booting indicates a functional computer system.
• Safe Mode in Windows helps users resolve boot-up problems.
• Repair Computer starts recovery options, booting into the recovery partition of the main hard drive.
• A single physical hard drive can be divided into multiple logical hard drives.
• The BIOS is originally stored in Read-Only Memory (ROM) in a standard PC.
• An ISO Image is a complete copy of everything stored on a physical optical disc.
• A Network Interface Card (NIC) connects a computer to a network.
• A router is a networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks.
• IEEE 802.11 is the standard behind the Wi-Fi trademark.
• Local Area Network (LAN) connects devices in one physical location.
• Wide Area Network (WAN) interconnects multiple local area networks.
• Anti-virus software prevents, detects, and removes threats to a computer system.
• Peer-to-peer network connects two or more PCs to share resources without a separate server.
• Provider Address is the IP Address used by a virtual machine to communicate on a physical network.
• WPA2-Personal protects unauthorized network access using a setup password.
• Access Control List (ACL) consists of user matrices and capability tables governing user rights and privileges.
• Information extortion occurs when an attacker steals data and demands compensation for its return.
• Continuous assessment monitors the initial security accreditation of an information system, tracking changes.
• Remote Storage Service in Windows Server migrates data to lower-cost and tape media on file servers.
• A Virtual Cluster Server application group contains a Client Access Point and at least one application-specific resource.
• Ping is a utility tool to test if a host is reachable across an IP network.
• F5 is not appropriate to enter BIOS setup
• Device Manager manages hardware devices and drivers in Microsoft Management Console.
• The yellow wire in a power supply has a +12V rating.
• A Yost cable is also known as a roll-over, Cisco cable, or console cable.
• No connectivity is indicated by a yellow color for the LAN connection icon in Server 2008.
• A Networking Interface Card (NIC) has 2 Light Emitting Diode (LED) lights.
• Port forwarding redirects a communication request from one address and port number to another.
• Wireless Fidelity utilizes radio frequencies as an alternative for wired connections to send signals between devices and a rooter.
• Campus Area Network (CAN) is a network of LANs within a limited geographical area.
• System Area Network (SAN) applies to the interconnection of LANs in a city over 5 to 50 kilometers.
• A Network Administrator monitors network security, operation, and users.
• A File Server is used to store user documents with a large amount of memory and storage space.
• Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) is an Active Directory protocol used to access data from a database.
• Thermal paste prevents CPU overheating.
• The maximum cable length for USB 2.0 is 5 meters.
• Firmware is a software program stored in Read-Only Memory (ROM).
• An ISO image is also known as a disc image.
• The minimum RAM requirement for Windows 10 is 1 GB for 32-bit or 2 GB for 64-bit.
• Advanced Technology Attachment (ATA) and Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA) are two types of interfaces used to communicate between the hard drive and the computer motherboard.
• The World Wide Web (WWW) is a spider-like interconnection of information located on computers in cyberspace.
• A blue connector is common for USB 3.0 Standard-A receptacles and plugs.
• The minimum hard disk drive capacity for Windows 10 is 16 GB for 32-bit OS or 20 GB for 64-bit OS.
• Windows device drivers are stored in the Registry.
• The red wire in a power supply has a voltage rating of +5V.
• A crossover cable has one end wired as T568-A and the other as T568-B.
• A LAN connection with a cross and red indicator in Windows 7 signifies a problem with the LAN driver.
• A Fully Automatic Windows Update downloads and installs the latest versions.
• A Bad Sector is a physically damaged cluster of storage on the hard drive.
• Windows Ultimate is a Windows edition capable of restricting other users from accessing certain programs.
• Device drivers can be found in the System32 folder.
• Ideal Molex connector voltage ranges are Red=5V, Yellow=12V.
• Straight-thru Ethernet cables connect computers to hubs and switches.
• A network interface controller is also known as a LAN card.
• 192.168.0.1 is a Class C IP address.
• Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) transfers files on the World Wide Web (WWW).
• Windows Folder Sharing traditionally accesses server data using the server message block protocol over TCP/IP.
• LDIFDE.EXE and CSVDE.EXE are command-line utilities to export and import Active Directory object information.
• A Gateway is a node that allows data to flow from one discrete network to another.
• Resistance is measured when performing continuity testing of twisted-pair cables.
• Local backup uses hard drives, discs, flash drives, and external drives housed on site.
• Startup Repair in Windows fixes and scans for computer problems preventing booting.
• Windows Recovery Environment runs commands for troubleshooting an unbootable operating system.
• Capacitors need to be discharged electrically before replacement.
• 802.11n is a current wireless networking standard compatible with older networks.
• A core router operates in the Internet backbone.
• MAC address filtering defines a list of allowed devices on a Wi-Fi network.
• Wireless Personal Area Network connects through short range radio signals, e.g. infrared.
• Wireless Local Area Network allows users to move while maintaining a network connection.
• NetBackup is an enterprise-level backup and recovery suite.
• A Directory Server centrally manages network users and resources.
• Loss refers to an information asset suffering damage, modification, or disclosure.
• The minimum cable length for USB 3.0 using a non-twisted pair is 3 meters.
• M.2 is a storage drive form factor.
• The Real-Time Clock/Non-Volatile RAM (RTC/NVRAM) chip stores BIOS settings.
• An ISO file substitutes for an actual disc, allowing users to run software without loading a CD/DVD.
• Dynamic Host Control Protocol (DHCP) centrally manages IP address distribution in a network.
• The NSLOOKUP command-line tool finds a host or domain name's IP address.
• A CMOS battery failure causes time and date resets.
• CrystalDiskInfo checks the condition of hard drives, with status indications.
• Implementing the Solution is the task after planning to fix a network.
• Software Troubleshooting scans, identifies, diagnoses, and resolves problems in software.
• 10.10.10.1 is a Class A IP address.
• 250 devices can connect to a wireless router.
• An Access Point bridges wireless clients and wired networks.
• Virtual Local Area Network is a logical subnetwork grouping devices from the same switch.
• Latency is the time lapse between data sent and received.
• A Stress test pushes components to their limits.
• Malicious code attacks execute viruses, worms, Trojan horses to destroy or steal information.
• Diskpart is a text-based command for creating bootable flash drives.
• The minimum RAM for Server 2008 R2 is 512MB.
• If standard video is displayed it indicates a video driver has not installed properly in Windows 7.
• A voltmeter reading Zero volt indicates a shorted diode.
• A Real-Time Communication Server enables near-instantaneous information exchange.
• Integrity ensures authorized changes to information and programs.
• NETSTAT displays network connections for TCP and routing tables.
• Communications Protocol defines how software and hardware interact within a network.
• Cable Splicing joins two cable ends together.
• FireWire is an interface standard for high-speed serial communication.
• The Input/Output Controller Hub manages data communications between a CPU and a motherboard.
• LoJack is a UEFI/BIOS setup option that allows security settings to perform tasks for locating the devices.
• A terminal server connects serial devices across a network.
• View Current Activity displays real-time system performance statistics.
• A Network Interface Card (NIC) is a peripheral card with a media access control address.
• Vertical Cross Connect is a main patch panel linking to telecommunication rooms.
• A Raceway protects, routes, and hides cables and wires.
• Universal Serial Bus (USB) C Thunderbolt is a 24-pin USB Connector system with a rotationally symmetrical connector.
• The chipset facilitates communication between the CPU and devices.
• Voltage in BIOS/UEFI is used to overclock computers.
• The Minimum byte capacity of a bootable flash drive for Windows 10 is 8GB.
• Minimum RAM requirement of Sever 2012 R2 is 512MB
• In Windows 7, Windows and Security is located in Settings.
• An IP Address Conflict occurs when two or more devices share the same IP address.
• A hard disk should be replaced for frequent errors while moving files/booting.
• FIXMBR writes a new master boot record on the hard disk drive.
• The ATX12V P1 connector provides 3.3V, 5V, and 12V for the motherboard.
• ANSI/TIA-587 defines structured network cabling standards.
• Connection refers to transferring related information through a network.
• 172.168.10.1 is a Class B IP address.
• An Edge router connects an internal network to an external network.
• Bandwidth describes the maximum data transfer rate of a network.
• A Storage Area Network (SAN) is a high-speed network for hosts and interconnects.
• Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) is a border router for corporate sites.
• Authentication recognizes a user’s identity.
• A Loopback Test verifies communication device operation.
• A Frequency Analyzer monitors and intercepts traffic over the network.
• Infinite Ohms resistance reading indicates an open wire.
• An Application Server occupies computing territory between the database server and end user.
• Access is a privilege or permission for using computer data or resources.
• 10BASE-36 uses broadband coaxial cable with multiple baseband channels for a maximum length of 3,600 meters.
• A Firewall monitors and controls network traffic based on security rules.
• Downtime is when a system is unavailable.
• NSLOOKUP certifies peer name resolution in Active Directory.
• Flash Memory stores as a Solid State Drive (SSD).
• A Boot slid before crimping is used to reduce strain in a patch cable.