Podcast Beta
Questions and Answers
What percentage of the human body mass is made up of Calcium?
Which element is primarily involved in oxygen transport within the human body?
Which of the following elements is least abundant in the human body?
What is one of the functions of Magnesium in the human body?
Signup and view all the answers
Which organic compound is represented by the formula C6H12O6?
Signup and view all the answers
What role does Potassium play in the human body?
Signup and view all the answers
Which negative ion is formed from Phosphate in the human body?
Signup and view all the answers
Which trace element is involved in the function of enzymes?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of fat is essential for the body and must be obtained from food?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a key characteristic of monounsaturated fats?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following foods is highest in trans fats?
Signup and view all the answers
What effect does saturated fat have on cholesterol levels?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of dietary fat is considered healthy due to its effect on cholesterol?
Signup and view all the answers
Which component of the diet is primarily made up of amino acids?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a consequence of consuming trans fats?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following best describes polyunsaturated fats?
Signup and view all the answers
What characterizes the tertiary structure of a protein?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of bond is responsible for holding together the polypeptide chains in proteins with a quaternary structure?
Signup and view all the answers
How do non-polar side groups affect protein solubility in water?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of enzymes?
Signup and view all the answers
What role do hydrogen bonds play in fibrous proteins like collagen?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following proteins has a quaternary structure?
Signup and view all the answers
What determines the specificity of enzymes to their substrates?
Signup and view all the answers
In what location are hydrophobic variable groups typically found in globular proteins?
Signup and view all the answers
What is one of the main environmental concerns associated with deforestation?
Signup and view all the answers
What process describes the transformation of cleared land into a desert?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following methods is traditionally used in Britain for sustainable forest management?
Signup and view all the answers
What negative consequence does overfishing have on fish populations?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the goal of implementing fishing quotas?
Signup and view all the answers
What is one of the results of soil erosion due to deforestation?
Signup and view all the answers
Which conservation method involves the rotation of cutting different woodland areas?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a consequence of reduced native biodiversity due to deforestation?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary purpose of breeding programmes conducted by zoos and botanic gardens?
Signup and view all the answers
How does genetic diversity impact the survival of a species?
Signup and view all the answers
What is one consequence of monoculture farming?
Signup and view all the answers
Why are hedges important in agricultural settings?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a negative effect of using fertilizers in agriculture?
Signup and view all the answers
What role do sperm banks and seed stores play in conservation?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a potential benefit of preserving wild relatives of domestic crops?
Signup and view all the answers
What should captive breeding programs prioritize to fulfill their moral obligation?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Composition of the Human Body
- Major elements include Carbon (18%), Hydrogen (10%), Nitrogen (3%).
- Calcium (2%): Strengthens bones and teeth; essential for nervous system function.
- Phosphorus (1% as phosphate): Vital for cell membranes, ATP production, and nucleic acids.
- Remaining 1% from elements like Potassium (0.35%), Sulfur (0.25%), Chlorine (0.15%), Sodium (0.15%), Magnesium (0.05%), Iron (0.004%), Copper, Manganese, Zinc, and Iodine (all trace elements).
Key Functions of Minor Elements
- Potassium: Nerve impulse transmission.
- Sulfur: Component of some amino acids.
- Chlorine: Involved in carbon dioxide transport.
- Sodium: Nerve impulse transmission.
- Magnesium: Enzyme function and chlorophyll in plants.
- Iron: Crucial for oxygen transport.
- Other trace elements support various enzyme functions and growth hormone function.
Inorganic Ions
- Common positive ions: Mg²⁺, Fe²⁺, K⁺, Na⁺, Ca²⁺, NH₄⁺.
- Common negative ions: Phosphate (PO₄³⁻), Sulfate (SO₄²⁻), Nitrate (NO₃⁻), Chloride (Cl⁻), Hydrogen carbonate (HCO₃⁻).
Organic Compounds
- Always contain Carbon and Hydrogen; often include Oxygen and Nitrogen.
- Examples: Glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) and Glycine (C₂H₅NO₂).
Dietary Fats Impact on Health
- Polyunsaturated Fats: Essential fats (omega-3 and omega-6); lower LDL cholesterol. Found in cooking oils and fatty fish.
- Monounsaturated Fats: Healthy fats; maintain HDL cholesterol. Found in olive oil, avocados, and nuts.
- Saturated Fats: Raise total and LDL cholesterol; should be consumed in moderation. Found in animal products and baked goods.
- Trans Fats: Increase LDL cholesterol and lower HDL cholesterol; intake should be limited due to health risks.
Proteins and Structure
- Proteins are polymers of 20 amino acids; fold into specific 3D shapes.
- Tertiary structure: Globular shape, soluble in water; includes charged surfaces and hydrophobic interiors.
- Quaternary structure: Composed of multiple polypeptide chains. Example proteins: insulin, hemoglobin.
Function of Proteins
- Enzymes: Catalyze reactions by lowering activation energy; specific to substrates.
- Antibodies: Bind antigens for immune responses.
- Hormones: Bind to specific receptors to regulate physiological processes.
Conservation Efforts
- Genetic diversity is crucial for species survival in changing environments.
- Conservation methods include captive breeding, habitat protection, and reintroducing species into the wild.
- Agriculture, while essential for food production, poses risks to biodiversity through practices like monoculture and pesticide use.
Environmental Impact of Practices
- Deforestation leads to habitat destruction, reduced biodiversity, soil erosion, and contributes to climate change.
- Sustainable management practices, such as coppicing and replanting, support forest regeneration.
- Overfishing threatens fish populations; fishing quotas help manage sustainably.
Key Terms
- Eutrophication: Nutrient overload in water bodies due to fertilizers.
- Monoculture: Cultivation of a single crop type, increasing vulnerability to pests.
- Desertification: Land degradation caused by deforestation leading to loss of arable land.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
This quiz explores the key elements that make up the human body and their essential functions. It covers major elements like Carbon, Calcium, and Phosphorus, along with the roles of minor and trace elements. Test your knowledge on the significance of inorganic ions in bodily functions as well.
