Questions and Answers
What is an element?
What is an atom?
A basic unit of matter that cannot be easily created nor destroyed.
A compound is formed by ___ or more elements chemically combined.
two
What defines a molecule?
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What is a mixture?
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The Law of Conservation of Matter states that matter cannot be created or destroyed.
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Which of the following are characteristics of a chemical change?
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What is a physical change?
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Which of the following are examples of physical changes?
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A chemical change is reversible.
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What is a heterogeneous mixture?
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Homogeneous mixtures are consistent throughout.
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What is a solution?
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What is a pure substance?
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The concentration equation is: Concentration = ___/Volume.
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What is the process of decantation?
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Describe distillation.
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What is filtration?
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What does magnetism separate?
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Study Notes
Composition of Matter
- Element: A pure substance consisting solely of one type of atom; basic building blocks of matter.
- Atom: The fundamental unit of matter, indivisible in chemical processes; cannot be created or destroyed easily.
- Compound: Formed when two or more elements chemically bond together, resulting in a substance with distinct properties.
- Molecule: The smallest unit of a compound, maintaining its chemical properties; determined by the bonding of atoms.
- Mixture: A combination of two or more substances where each retains its individual properties; composition is variable.
Laws and Changes
- Law of Conservation of Matter: States that matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction; mass remains constant.
- Chemical Change Characteristics: Indicators include color change, gas production, temperature fluctuations, and changes in odor.
- Physical Change: Alterations in a substance's physical attributes like size, shape, or color, without altering its chemical composition; includes changes in state (solid, liquid, gas).
Examples of Changes
- Physical Change Examples: Melting of ice, mixing sulfur with iron filings, breaking glass, or dissolving sugar in water.
- Chemical Change: Involves the formation of new substances through atomic rearrangement; such changes are typically irreversible.
- Chemical Change Examples: Burning magnesium creates white ash (MgO), reacting zinc with hydrochloric acid, and metabolic processes in the body.
Mixtures and Solutions
- Heterogeneous Mixture: Contains visibly different substances or phases; components are not uniformly distributed.
- Homogeneous Mixture: Exhibits consistency throughout; considered a solution where the components are evenly distributed.
- Solution: A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances, which can exist in solid, liquid, or gaseous forms.
Purity and Concentration
- Pure Substance: Defined by a constant and uniform composition, with consistent properties throughout.
- Concentration Equation: Expressed as Concentration = Mass/Volume; used to determine the concentration of solutions.
Separation Techniques
- Distillation: A separation process involving boiling liquids to isolate a substance with a higher boiling point.
- Filtration: Utilizes a filter to separate solid particles from liquids or gases.
- Decantation: Involves carefully pouring off liquid from settled solids or denser liquids.
- Magnetism: A method of separating magnetic metals from non-metallic substances using a magnet.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the fundamental concepts related to the composition of matter with this flashcard quiz. Each card presents key terms such as elements, atoms, compounds, and molecules, crucial for understanding chemistry. Perfect for students preparing for exams or anyone looking to refresh their knowledge in chemistry.
