Components of Central Dogma of Life Quiz

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The Central Dogma explains that DNA codes for ______, which codes for the proteins.

RNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA is the genetic material passed on from parents to ______.

offspring

The phosphate group in the DNA is composed of phosphorous atom surrounded by four ______ atoms.

oxygen

The sugar group in the DNA is called ______.

deoxyribose Signup and view all the answers

The five-carbon structure of deoxyribose in the DNA molecule is numbered based on its carbon ______.

atom Signup and view all the answers

The nitrogenous bases in the nucleotide can be classified according to the number of ______ in their structures.

rings Signup and view all the answers

Purines -adenine and guanine -have ______ structure

doubled-ring Signup and view all the answers

Pyrimidines -cytosine, thymine and uracil -contain only one ring in their ______

structure Signup and view all the answers

The nitrogenous bases undergo complementary base pairing which pair should contain a ______ and pyrimidine

purine Signup and view all the answers

RIBONUCLEIC ACID is a single stranded molecule that is also composed of ______ with a few modifications

nucleotides Signup and view all the answers

RNA serves as its ______

photocopy Signup and view all the answers

Messenger RNA (mRNA) translates the genetic code into proteins with the help of ______

ribosomes Signup and view all the answers

Transfer RNA (tRNA) helps in transferring amino acids to the correct sequence in ______

mRNA Signup and view all the answers

Ribosomal RNA (rNA) is a structural component of ______

ribosome Signup and view all the answers

DNA molecules separate into two complementary ______

strands Signup and view all the answers

An enzyme called helicase unwinds and separates the DNA into two single ______

strands Signup and view all the answers

What is the Central Dogma of life?

DNA codes for RNA, which codes for the proteins. Signup and view all the answers

Who proposed the double helix structure of DNA and in which year?

Francis Crick and James Watson in 1953 Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the phosphate group in DNA?

Phosphorous atom surrounded by four oxygen atoms Signup and view all the answers

What is the sugar group in DNA called and why is it named so?

Deoxyribose; 'deoxy' means that ribose has lost an oxygen atom Signup and view all the answers

How are the carbon atoms in the five-carbon structure of deoxyribose numbered?

Based on its carbon atom, with the carbon atom on the right side assigned as numbered 1, and the numbering sequence running clockwise Signup and view all the answers

What are the nitrogenous bases in the nucleotide classified by?

The number of rings in their structures Signup and view all the answers

What are the three types of RNA and their respective functions?

Messenger RNA (mRNA) translates the genetic code into proteins with the help of ribosomes. Transfer RNA (tRNA) helps in transferring amino acids to the correct sequence in mRNA. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is a structural component of ribosome. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the process of DNA replication and the role of helicase in it.

Helicase unwinds and separates the DNA into two single strands. This is the initiation step of DNA replication. Signup and view all the answers

What are the stop codons in the genetic code?

UAG, UGA, UAA Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of tRNA in protein synthesis?

tRNA helps in transferring amino acids to the correct sequence in mRNA during protein synthesis. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the difference between purines and pyrimidines in terms of their structure.

Purines, such as adenine and guanine, have a doubled-ring structure, while pyrimidines, such as cytosine, thymine, and uracil, contain only one ring in their structure. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) in the cell?

rRNA is a structural component of ribosomes, which are responsible for protein synthesis. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the role of DNA in providing instructions for protein production.

DNA serves as the 'manual' at the cellular level, providing the information needed for protein production. Signup and view all the answers

What is the sugar backbone of RNA?

The sugar backbone of RNA is ribose. Signup and view all the answers

What are the three main functions of proteins in the body?

Proteins serve as structural support, aid in transporting molecules, and act as passageways of molecules and substances into and out of the cell. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the relationship between DNA and RNA in the context of protein synthesis.

RNA serves as the 'photocopy' of the information stored in DNA, and it helps the cell produce proteins based on the instructions from DNA. Signup and view all the answers