Components of a Computer System

مكونات جهاز الحاسب الآلي

الذاكرة الرئيسية (Main Memory)

• Temporary storage for data and program instructions
• Also known as RAM (Random Access Memory)
• Data is lost when the computer is powered off
• Measured in bytes (e.g. KB, MB, GB)
• The more memory, the more applications can run simultaneously
• Types of RAM:
  • SRAM (Static RAM): faster and more expensive
  • DRAM (Dynamic RAM): slower and less expensive

اللوحة الأم (Motherboard)

• The main circuit board of the computer
• Connects and supports all hardware components
• Components:
  • CPU socket
  • RAM slots
  • Expansion slots (e.g. PCI, PCIe)
  • Storage connectors (e.g. SATA, IDE)
  • Power connectors
  • Chipset: manages data flow between components
• Functions:
  • Provides a platform for components to communicate
  • Regulates power supply to components
  • Manages data transfer between components

القرص الصلب (Hard Disk Drive)

• A non-volatile storage device for data and programs
• Data is retained even when the computer is powered off
• Measured in bytes (e.g. GB, TB)
• Components:
  • Platters: spinning disks that store data
  • Read/write head: accesses data on platters
  • Actuator arm: moves read/write head
  • Motor: spins platters
• Types of HDD:
  • IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics)
  • SATA (Serial Advanced Technology Attachment)
  • SCSI (Small Computer System Interface)