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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a type of subordinate clause?
Which of the following is NOT a type of subordinate clause?
What is the function of the subordinate clause in the sentence 'I went to the store because I needed milk'?
What is the function of the subordinate clause in the sentence 'I went to the store because I needed milk'?
Which of the following subordinating conjunctions is used to express a contrasting relationship?
Which of the following subordinating conjunctions is used to express a contrasting relationship?
What is the difference between a defining and non-defining relative clause?
What is the difference between a defining and non-defining relative clause?
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Which of the following sentences is an example of a complex sentence?
Which of the following sentences is an example of a complex sentence?
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What is the function of the dependent clause in a complex sentence?
What is the function of the dependent clause in a complex sentence?
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Which of the following is an example of a nominal clause?
Which of the following is an example of a nominal clause?
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What is the purpose of subordinating conjunctions in complex sentences?
What is the purpose of subordinating conjunctions in complex sentences?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of an independent clause?
Which of the following is a characteristic of an independent clause?
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What is the difference between a complex sentence and a simple sentence?
What is the difference between a complex sentence and a simple sentence?
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Study Notes
Complex Sentences
Definition and Structure
- A complex sentence is an independent clause (main clause) with one or more dependent clauses (subordinate clauses).
- The main clause has a subject and a predicate, while the subordinate clause does not express a complete thought.
- The subordinate clause begins with a subordinating conjunction (e.g. because, although, if, unless, etc.).
Subordinating Conjunctions
- Causal relationships:
- Because
- Since
- As
- For
- Contrasting relationships:
- Although
- Though
- Even though
- In spite of
- Conditional relationships:
- If
- Unless
- Provided that
- On condition that
- Temporal relationships:
- When
- While
- After
- Before
- Concessive relationships:
- Although
- Even though
- While
- Though
Types of Subordinate Clauses
- Adverbial clauses:
- Modifying the main clause (e.g. I went to the store because I needed milk.)
- Providing additional information (e.g. I went to the store, where I saw my friend.)
- Relative clauses:
- Defining clauses (e.g. The book, which is on the table, is mine.)
- Non-defining clauses (e.g. The book, which I read last week, is mine.)
- Nominal clauses:
- Acting as a subject (e.g. What she said was true.)
- Acting as a complement (e.g. The fact is that she was wrong.)
Clauses in Complex Sentences
- Independent clause:
- Has a subject and a predicate
- Can stand alone as a complete sentence
- Dependent clause:
- Does not have a complete thought
- Begins with a subordinating conjunction
- Cannot stand alone as a complete sentence
Examples of Complex Sentences
- I went to the store because I needed milk.
- Although it was raining, I still went to the park.
- If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
- The book, which is on the table, is mine.
- What she said was true.
Complex Sentences
Definition and Structure
- A complex sentence consists of an independent clause (main clause) and one or more dependent clauses (subordinate clauses).
- The main clause has a subject and a predicate, while the subordinate clause does not express a complete thought.
- Subordinate clauses begin with a subordinating conjunction.
Subordinating Conjunctions
- Causal relationships: because, since, as, for
- Contrasting relationships: although, though, even though, in spite of
- Conditional relationships: if, unless, provided that, on condition that
- Temporal relationships: when, while, after, before
- Concessive relationships: although, even though, while, though
Types of Subordinate Clauses
Adverbial Clauses
- Modify the main clause
- Provide additional information
Relative Clauses
- Defining clauses: provide essential information
- Non-defining clauses: provide additional information
Nominal Clauses
- Act as a subject
- Act as a complement
Clauses in Complex Sentences
Independent Clause
- Has a subject and a predicate
- Can stand alone as a complete sentence
Dependent Clause
- Does not have a complete thought
- Begins with a subordinating conjunction
- Cannot stand alone as a complete sentence
Examples of Complex Sentences
- I went to the store because I needed milk (adverbial clause)
- Although it was raining, I still went to the park (contrasting relationship)
- If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam (conditional relationship)
- The book, which is on the table, is mine (relative clause)
- What she said was true (nominal clause)
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Description
Learn about complex sentences, their structure, and how they are formed with main and subordinate clauses. Discover the different types of subordinating conjunctions and their uses.