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Questions and Answers
Interspecific competition is best described as competition:
Interspecific competition is best described as competition:
- Where one organism outgrows another but does not necessarily eliminate the other.
- Between members of the same species for limited resources.
- Where resources are abundant, leading to increased growth for all species.
- Between members of different species for the same limited resources. (correct)
During intraspecific competition, what is the most likely outcome for the organisms involved?
During intraspecific competition, what is the most likely outcome for the organisms involved?
- Both organisms thrive due to resource abundance.
- Both organisms evolve to use different resources, avoiding competition.
- One organism outcompetes the other, leading to the potential elimination of the weaker competitor. (correct)
- The organisms find a way to share resources equally.
How do flowering plants exemplify competitive associations with grasses?
How do flowering plants exemplify competitive associations with grasses?
- Flowering plants and grasses engage in mutualistic relationships, benefiting each other.
- Grasses secrete chemicals that inhibit the growth of flowering plants.
- Flowering plants provide essential nutrients to grasses, promoting their growth.
- Flowering plants, with their size and foliage, deprive grasses of sunlight, nutrients, and space. (correct)
In the context of domestic fowls and young chicks, what competitive interaction is observed?
In the context of domestic fowls and young chicks, what competitive interaction is observed?
A tapeworm living in the small intestine of a human benefits by obtaining habitat, protection, and food. What type of interrelationship does this exemplify?
A tapeworm living in the small intestine of a human benefits by obtaining habitat, protection, and food. What type of interrelationship does this exemplify?
Mistletoe obtains water and mineral salts from a flowering plant, which suffers harm as a result. What kind of relationship is displayed here?
Mistletoe obtains water and mineral salts from a flowering plant, which suffers harm as a result. What kind of relationship is displayed here?
How does the relationship between rhizobium bacteria and leguminous plants exemplify symbiosis?
How does the relationship between rhizobium bacteria and leguminous plants exemplify symbiosis?
In the context of symbiotic associations, what roles do alga and fungus play in lichens?
In the context of symbiotic associations, what roles do alga and fungus play in lichens?
What is the role of protozoa in the gut of termites, and what benefit do the termites receive?
What is the role of protozoa in the gut of termites, and what benefit do the termites receive?
In a commensal relationship, how does one organism affect the other?
In a commensal relationship, how does one organism affect the other?
How does the relationship between a remora fish and a shark exemplify commensalism?
How does the relationship between a remora fish and a shark exemplify commensalism?
How does the habitation of a crab in an oyster shell exemplify commensalism?
How does the habitation of a crab in an oyster shell exemplify commensalism?
Why is the relationship between humans and intestinal bacteria considered commensalism?
Why is the relationship between humans and intestinal bacteria considered commensalism?
What distinguishes predation from other interspecies interactions?
What distinguishes predation from other interspecies interactions?
In a predator-prey relationship such as a hawk and chicks, what best describes the roles?
In a predator-prey relationship such as a hawk and chicks, what best describes the roles?
How do flowers and insects interact and benefit in their relationship?
How do flowers and insects interact and benefit in their relationship?
What role do bacteria and protozoa play in the rumen of ruminant animals, such as cattle and sheep?
What role do bacteria and protozoa play in the rumen of ruminant animals, such as cattle and sheep?
Ustilago on maize, puccinia on maize/wheat/barley, and phytophthora infestans are all examples of:
Ustilago on maize, puccinia on maize/wheat/barley, and phytophthora infestans are all examples of:
What is the primary distinction between intra-specific and inter-specific competition?
What is the primary distinction between intra-specific and inter-specific competition?
A lion hunts, kills, and consumes a goat. How would you classify this interaction?
A lion hunts, kills, and consumes a goat. How would you classify this interaction?
Flashcards
Competition
Competition
Interaction where organisms of the same/different species compete; one outgrows the other and survives.
Intra-specific Competition
Intra-specific Competition
Competition between members of the same species.
Inter-specific Competition
Inter-specific Competition
Competition between members of different species.
Parasitism
Parasitism
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Symbiosis
Symbiosis
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Symbiont
Symbiont
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Commensalism
Commensalism
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Predation
Predation
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Study Notes
- Inter-relationships among living things include competition, parasitism, symbiosis, commensalism, and predation.
Competition
- Competition occurs when two organisms of the same or different species interact, with one outgrowing the other.
- The surviving organism thrives while the other cannot grow or survive.
- Restricted environmental resources like food, water, nutrients, gases, light, and space often drive competition.
- An organism controls resources, growing and surviving, while the other diminishes.
- Intra-specific competition occurs among members of the same species.
- Inter-specific competition occurs among members of different species.
- Flowering plants eliminate grasses by depriving them of nutrients, space, and sunlight.
- Adult domestic fowls eliminate young chicks by depriving them of food in the pen.
Parasitism
- Parasitism involves a feeding relationship where a parasite lives on or in a host's body.
- The parasite benefits, while the host is harmed or may die.
- A tapeworm in a man's small intestine derives habitat, protection, and food, harming the host.
- Mistletoe is a plant parasite benefiting from larger flowering plants by getting support and sunlight.
- Mistletoe absorbs water and mineral salts from the host, harming it.
- Fungal parasites include:
- Ustilago on maize
- Puccinia on maize, wheat, or barley
- Phytophthora palmivora on cocoa
- Phytophthora infestans on tomato/potato
- Alternario on tomato
Symbiosis
- Symbiosis involves a close association between two organisms where both benefit.
- Each member is called a symbiont.
- Algae benefit from fungi in lichen associations by being enclosed and protected, while fungi benefit from the food manufactured by the algae.
- Protozoa in termite intestines aid in cellulose digestion, and termites protect protozoa.
- Rhizobium bacteria in leguminous plant root nodules get nutrients, while the bacteria fix nitrogen for the plant.
- Bacteria in the rumen of ruminants help digest cellulose, synthesize amino acids, and provide vitamins, while the ruminant provides food and shelter.
- Insects get food from flowers via pollen and nectar, while cross-pollination helps plants reproduce sexually.
Commensalism
- Commensalism is a relationship where one organism (the commensal) benefits, and the other (the host) is neither harmed nor benefited.
- Remora fish attach to sharks, feeding on leftover food, gaining food, protection, and shelter, while the shark is unaffected.
- Crabs inhabit oyster shells for protection without harming the oyster.
- Bacteria in the human large intestine feed on digested food, receiving food and protection, with no harm to humans.
Predation
- Predation occurs when a predator kills and feeds on prey.
- Predators are larger and stronger than prey.
- Hawks kill and eat domestic fowl chicks.
- Lions kill and eat goats.
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