3012 Week 8 Notes

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What does the concept of competence refer to in the Competence-Environmental Press Model?

The upper limit of a person's capacity to function (correct)

The average abilities of a group

The adaptation of behavior to fit environmental demands

The external demands of surroundings

How is environmental press defined in the context of the Competence-Environmental Press Model?

The physical challenges one faces in daily life

The internal motivations that drive a person

The psychological impact of aging on behavior

The varying demands placed on an individual by their surroundings (correct)

What is the adaptation level articulated in the model?

A state where behavior and affect are overly strained

A condition that leads to chronic underperformance

The balance between competence and environmental press (correct)

The point where environmental demands exceed personal capacity

Which scenario illustrates a person thriving in a challenging environment according to the model?

A highly competent athlete in a competitive sports context Signup and view all the answers

What happens when environmental press is too high for a person's level of competence?

They may experience withdrawal from activities Signup and view all the answers

In what way can the competence-environment relationship be adjusted?

By dynamically tailoring environments to meet press conditions Signup and view all the answers

What role does institutional care play in environmental press, according to the model?

It maintains a level of homogeneity in environmental press Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best exemplifies the effect of environmental constraints on performance?

An individual unable to adapt to a new location's demands Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is most likely to lead to intentional personality change over time?

Life Experiences Signup and view all the answers

In the context of personality frameworks, which of the following best describes 'personal concerns'?

Goals and aspirations that matter to an individual Signup and view all the answers

Which community living option allows older adults to maintain independence while benefiting from social interaction?

Community Living Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes home care from home support in community services?

Home care involves therapeutic services while home support includes personal assistance. Signup and view all the answers

How does increased introspection and reflection influence personality as individuals age?

It may lead to a greater self-awareness and potential alteration of personality traits. Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of slight increases in environmental press on performance?

They can improve performance. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a proactive approach to dealing with environmental press?

Seeking support to manage changes effectively. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes preventive adaptations from corrective adaptations?

Preventive adaptations aim to avoid stressors before they occur, while corrective adaptations respond to stressors after they arise. Signup and view all the answers

Which age group is most commonly found in residential aged care in Australia?

Individuals aged 85 and over. Signup and view all the answers

How do older adults typically respond to limitations in resources and options when adapting?

They often exhibit learned helplessness and rely more on corrective adaptations. Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant characteristic of both preventive and corrective adaptations?

They can sometimes be transformed from corrective measures into preventive ones. Signup and view all the answers

In what manner can individuals exercise control over their lives according to the Competence-Environmental Press Model?

By proactively choosing behaviors that meet their needs. Signup and view all the answers

Why might an individual postpone proactive adaptations?

Because they lack the resources and support to implement them. Signup and view all the answers

Which benefit is associated with home care support for older adults?

It allows adults to maintain greater independence in their own homes. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about residential aged care needs?

It is solely for terminally ill individuals. Signup and view all the answers

Which demographic characteristic is NOT typically associated with residents of RAC?

Married Signup and view all the answers

Which factor may increase the likelihood of an older Australian using Home and Community Care services?

Being a non-English speaker Signup and view all the answers

What is a likely effect of stereotype threat on older adults?

Reduced self-efficacy due to fear of negative judgment Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes hostile ageism from benevolent ageism?

Benevolent ageism involves positive assumptions that limit independence Signup and view all the answers

How does the labelling theory influence older adults' self-perception?

They integrate negative stereotypes into their self-view Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best reflects the concept of dispositional attribution in older adults?

They often attribute others' failures to their character rather than situational factors. Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of older adults in North America report experiencing ageism?

91% Signup and view all the answers

Which cognitive process is impacted by age-related declines in resource allocation?

Social knowledge and judgment Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant finding regarding the stereotypes held by young and older adults about ageing?

Young and older adults hold similar stereotypes about ageing. Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of social judgment processes tends to decline with age?

Ability to recall detailed information Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Competence-Environmental Press Model

The Competence-Environmental Press Model considers individual capabilities ("competence") and environmental demands ("environmental press") as intertwined components that influence well-being and performance.
Competence encompasses multiple dimensions including social, physical, and psychological capabilities.
Environmental Press refers to the challenges and demands imposed by the environment on an individual.
The Adaptation Level is the point where competence and environmental press are balanced, ensuring comfortable functioning without over-exertion or under-utilization.
Slight increases in environmental press can enhance performance, while excessive press can lead to stress and reduced performance.

Dealing with Environmental Press

Proactive strategies involve actively managing changes by seeking support, modifying the environment, or taking control of the situation.
Docility involves passive acceptance of situations, leading to potentially negative outcomes.
Preventive adaptations are proactive actions aimed at preventing stressors before they occur.
Corrective adaptations are actions taken in response to existing stressors, often relying on internal and external resources.

Living Options for Older Adults

Community Living offers opportunities for socialization and shared amenities in retirement villages and congregate housing for relatively independent seniors.
Assisted Living provides a transitional step for those requiring assistance with daily tasks without needing the level of care offered in nursing homes.
Home Care caters to individuals with more complex needs, incorporating professional healthcare services like nursing care and physical therapy.
Home Support addresses basic needs for individuals with lower care needs, offering services like domestic assistance, transportation, and social activities.
Residential Aged Care provides a permanent living arrangement for older adults requiring ongoing, comprehensive care, including special care units addressing specific health challenges.

Stereotypes and Ageing

Stereotypes about aging are prevalent among both younger and older adults.
An age-based double standard exists, leading to harsher judgment of older adults' memory lapses.
Implicit stereotypes automatically activate negative thoughts about aging, influencing behavior even beyond conscious awareness.
Stereotype threat refers to the fear of being judged based on negative stereotypes associated with one's group.
Ageism, a complex prejudice embodying both positive and negative stereotypes about older adults, manifests in various forms, ranging from subtle patronizing to overt discrimination.
Hostile ageism refers to direct, negative attitudes towards older adults, while benevolent ageism involves seemingly kind gestures but can be harmful by undermining independence.

Self-Perceptions and Perceptions of Others

Self-perception of aging refers to individuals’ internal views of their own age and the aging process.
This can be influenced by "labelling theory," where individuals internalize age-related stereotypes, or "resilience theory," where individuals reject negative stereotypes and assert their individuality.
Older adults tend to rely on less detailed information forming first impressions.
They tend to exhibit a "negativity bias," placing greater emphasis on negative information.
In social judgment processes, older adults might rely more on dispositional attributions (blaming the person) than situational attributions (considering the context).

Personality Change

Personality can change over time due to life experiences, social interactions, and introspection.

Social knowledge is drawn from past experiences to navigate new situations.
Source judgments involve identifying the origin of information.
Causal attributions are explanations for behavior, differentiating between dispositional (internal) and situational (external) factors.
Correspondence bias involves attributing behavior to dispositional factors even when situational factors might play a role.

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Description

This quiz explores the Competence-Environmental Press Model, highlighting the interplay between individual capabilities and environmental demands. It discusses how balancing these components through proactive strategies can influence well-being and performance. Test your understanding of adaptation levels and the impact of environmental press on functioning.