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Questions and Answers
What does the concept of competence refer to in the Competence-Environmental Press Model?
How is environmental press defined in the context of the Competence-Environmental Press Model?
What is the adaptation level articulated in the model?
Which scenario illustrates a person thriving in a challenging environment according to the model?
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What happens when environmental press is too high for a person's level of competence?
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In what way can the competence-environment relationship be adjusted?
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What role does institutional care play in environmental press, according to the model?
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Which of the following best exemplifies the effect of environmental constraints on performance?
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Which factor is most likely to lead to intentional personality change over time?
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In the context of personality frameworks, which of the following best describes 'personal concerns'?
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Which community living option allows older adults to maintain independence while benefiting from social interaction?
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What distinguishes home care from home support in community services?
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How does increased introspection and reflection influence personality as individuals age?
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What is the effect of slight increases in environmental press on performance?
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Which of the following is a proactive approach to dealing with environmental press?
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What distinguishes preventive adaptations from corrective adaptations?
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Which age group is most commonly found in residential aged care in Australia?
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How do older adults typically respond to limitations in resources and options when adapting?
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What is a significant characteristic of both preventive and corrective adaptations?
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In what manner can individuals exercise control over their lives according to the Competence-Environmental Press Model?
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Why might an individual postpone proactive adaptations?
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Which benefit is associated with home care support for older adults?
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What is a common misconception about residential aged care needs?
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Which demographic characteristic is NOT typically associated with residents of RAC?
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Which factor may increase the likelihood of an older Australian using Home and Community Care services?
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What is a likely effect of stereotype threat on older adults?
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What distinguishes hostile ageism from benevolent ageism?
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How does the labelling theory influence older adults' self-perception?
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Which statement best reflects the concept of dispositional attribution in older adults?
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What percentage of older adults in North America report experiencing ageism?
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Which cognitive process is impacted by age-related declines in resource allocation?
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What is a significant finding regarding the stereotypes held by young and older adults about ageing?
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Which aspect of social judgment processes tends to decline with age?
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Study Notes
Competence-Environmental Press Model
- The Competence-Environmental Press Model considers individual capabilities ("competence") and environmental demands ("environmental press") as intertwined components that influence well-being and performance.
- Competence encompasses multiple dimensions including social, physical, and psychological capabilities.
- Environmental Press refers to the challenges and demands imposed by the environment on an individual.
- The Adaptation Level is the point where competence and environmental press are balanced, ensuring comfortable functioning without over-exertion or under-utilization.
- Slight increases in environmental press can enhance performance, while excessive press can lead to stress and reduced performance.
Dealing with Environmental Press
- Proactive strategies involve actively managing changes by seeking support, modifying the environment, or taking control of the situation.
- Docility involves passive acceptance of situations, leading to potentially negative outcomes.
- Preventive adaptations are proactive actions aimed at preventing stressors before they occur.
- Corrective adaptations are actions taken in response to existing stressors, often relying on internal and external resources.
Living Options for Older Adults
- Community Living offers opportunities for socialization and shared amenities in retirement villages and congregate housing for relatively independent seniors.
- Assisted Living provides a transitional step for those requiring assistance with daily tasks without needing the level of care offered in nursing homes.
- Home Care caters to individuals with more complex needs, incorporating professional healthcare services like nursing care and physical therapy.
- Home Support addresses basic needs for individuals with lower care needs, offering services like domestic assistance, transportation, and social activities.
- Residential Aged Care provides a permanent living arrangement for older adults requiring ongoing, comprehensive care, including special care units addressing specific health challenges.
Stereotypes and Ageing
- Stereotypes about aging are prevalent among both younger and older adults.
- An age-based double standard exists, leading to harsher judgment of older adults' memory lapses.
- Implicit stereotypes automatically activate negative thoughts about aging, influencing behavior even beyond conscious awareness.
- Stereotype threat refers to the fear of being judged based on negative stereotypes associated with one's group.
- Ageism, a complex prejudice embodying both positive and negative stereotypes about older adults, manifests in various forms, ranging from subtle patronizing to overt discrimination.
- Hostile ageism refers to direct, negative attitudes towards older adults, while benevolent ageism involves seemingly kind gestures but can be harmful by undermining independence.
Self-Perceptions and Perceptions of Others
- Self-perception of aging refers to individuals’ internal views of their own age and the aging process.
- This can be influenced by "labelling theory," where individuals internalize age-related stereotypes, or "resilience theory," where individuals reject negative stereotypes and assert their individuality.
- Older adults tend to rely on less detailed information forming first impressions.
- They tend to exhibit a "negativity bias," placing greater emphasis on negative information.
- In social judgment processes, older adults might rely more on dispositional attributions (blaming the person) than situational attributions (considering the context).
Personality Change
- Personality can change over time due to life experiences, social interactions, and introspection.
Social Judgments
- Social knowledge is drawn from past experiences to navigate new situations.
- Source judgments involve identifying the origin of information.
- Causal attributions are explanations for behavior, differentiating between dispositional (internal) and situational (external) factors.
- Correspondence bias involves attributing behavior to dispositional factors even when situational factors might play a role.
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Description
This quiz explores the Competence-Environmental Press Model, highlighting the interplay between individual capabilities and environmental demands. It discusses how balancing these components through proactive strategies can influence well-being and performance. Test your understanding of adaptation levels and the impact of environmental press on functioning.
