Comparing RR, PR, OR, and POR in Epidemiology

<p>$ \text{Relative measure} = 1 $ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cohort study (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They yield the same results in specific cases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>PAR is a measure of impact and represents the proportion of cases in the population which are attributable to the exposure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>PAR = 1 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>EAR measures the proportion of cases among the exposed population that are attributable to the exposure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>epiR (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>RR &gt; 1 . OR &gt; RR RR &lt; 1 . OR &lt; RR RR = 1 . OR = 1 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cross-sectional study (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Coefficients have a straightforward interpretation in terms of odds ratio. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>(Odds Ratio) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>&quot;hypergeometric distribution&quot; (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>&quot;Rare diseases&quot; (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>PR measures impact, while RR and OR measure association. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ANp = AFp * np (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>% to the exposed population (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ANp = AFp * np (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Attributable Numbers (AN) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exposure Attributable Risk (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>P(D|E) P(D|Ē) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Attributable Fractions (AF) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Odds Ratio (OR) is preferred over the Risk Ratio (RR) and Prevalence Ratio (PR) for estimating the relative measure of association in Case-Control studies.

The exposure E is considered a potential protective factor for the disease D if the relative measure of association is less than 1.

PR stands for Prevalence Ratio, which is a measure of the association between exposure and disease in cross-sectional studies.

The exposure E and disease D are considered independent if the relative measure of association equals 1.

In a Cohort study, the Risk Ratio (RR) compares the probability of developing the disease during the follow-up period between two groups with different exposure status.

In cross-sectional and case-control studies, the Prevalence Odds Ratio (POR) and Odds Ratio (OR) yield the same results because of specific conditions.

PAR, or Population Attributable Risk, measures the proportion of cases in a population that can be attributed to exposure to a risk factor.

The PAR assumes that there is a causal relationship between exposure and disease, and that the presence of the exposure is a modifiable risk factor.

If the probability of disease in the unexposed group is 0, then the PAR would be 1, meaning all cases in the population can be attributed to exposure.

EAR, or Exposure Attributable Risk, measures the proportion of cases among the exposed population that can be attributed to the exposure.

The epiR package in R can be used to calculate confidence intervals for odds ratio and risk ratio, providing statistical accuracy for estimations.

The values of RR and OR can be compared based on the direction and magnitude of the association. If RR > 1, then OR > RR. If RR < 1, then OR < RR. And if RR = 1, then OR = 1.

In a Cross-sectional study, the Prevalence Ratio (PR) is compared between two groups with different exposure status.

In logistic regression models, the coefficients directly interpret the odds ratio.

OR stands for Odds Ratio, a measure of association between an exposure and an outcome.

The hypergeometric distribution is used to calculate exact confidence intervals for odds ratio in scenarios with large sample sizes.

Rare diseases typically exhibit the characteristic that the lower the probabilities of disease in exposed and unexposed groups, the closer the RR and OR.

PR measures the impact of exposure on the population, while RR and OR measure the association between exposure and disease, reflecting the relative risk.

The formula for calculating Attributable Numbers (ANp) in epidemiology is ANp = AFp * np where AFp is the attributable fraction and np is the number of people in the population.

Attributable fractions are usually reported as a percentage to the exposed population, providing information about the impact of the exposure.

The formula for calculating Attributable Numbers (ANp) is ANp = AFp * np, where AFp is the attributable fraction and np is the population size.

Attributable Numbers (AN) is a measure of 'excess risk' representing the difference in disease incidence between exposed and unexposed groups, highlighting the impact of exposure.

EAR stands for Exposure Attributable Risk, a measure of the proportion of cases among the exposed population that are attributable to the exposure.

The excess risk in epidemiology is defined as the difference between the probability of disease in the exposed group and the probability of disease in the unexposed group, represented by P(D|E) - P(D|Ē).

Attributable Fractions (AF) are used to describe the impact of exposure, quantifying the proportion of cases that can be attributed to the exposure.