3.6. Comparing Metals and Non-Metals

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following properties is NOT typically associated with metals?

  • They have a metallic luster and shine when polished.
  • They are generally brittle and easily break. (correct)
  • They are good conductors of heat and electricity.
  • They are malleable and can be easily shaped.

What happens to metallic properties as we move from left to right across a period in the periodic table?

  • They remain unchanged.
  • They become weaker. (correct)
  • They alternate between strong and weak.
  • They become stronger.

Which of the following elements is the most active metal among the first 20 elements in the periodic table?

  • Carbon
  • Oxygen
  • Fluorine
  • Potassium (correct)

Which of the following is a characteristic of non-metals at ordinary temperatures?

<p>They are usually gaseous. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the information provided, which of the following objects would most likely be made of a non-metal?

<p>A glass cup. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between the activity of a metal and its position in the periodic table?

<p>The most active metals are located at the bottom of the periodic table. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What makes mercury unique among metals?

<p>It is a liquid at room temperature. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the experiment described in the text, how can you determine if an object is a good conductor of electricity?

<p>The bulb will light up when the object is connected to the circuit. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Properties of Metals

Metals are solid, shiny, malleable, and conduct heat and electricity.

Properties of Non-Metals

Non-metals are often gaseous, soft, crumbly, and poor conductors of heat and electricity.

Conductivity in Metals

Metals conduct electricity well, shown by glowing bulbs in circuits.

Conductivity in Non-Metals

Non-metals do not conduct electricity; the bulb won't light up.

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Activity to Identify Materials

Test objects to determine if they are metal or non-metal based on properties.

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Most Active Metal

Potassium is the most active metal among the first 20 elements.

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Least Active Non-Metal

Fluorine is the least active among non-metals and the most active non-metal overall.

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Mercury's Uniqueness

Mercury is a metal that is liquid at room temperature, unlike other solid metals.

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Study Notes

Comparing Metals and Non-Metals

  • Metals:
    • Usually solid at room temperature
    • Shiny on surfaces
    • Don't break easily when dropped
    • Good conductors of heat and electricity
    • Malleable (easily shaped)
    • Produce a sound when struck
    • Properties increase going down a group, decrease going across a period
    • Potassium is the most reactive metal among the first 20 elements
  • Non-Metals:
    • Mostly gases at room temperature
    • Soft
    • Often crumbly
    • Poor conductors of heat and electricity
    • Non-metallic properties increase going across a period, decrease going down a group.
    • Fluorine is the least reactive non-metal among the first 20 elements and is among the most reactive nonmetals overall

Identifying Metals and Non-Metals

  • Properties to observe:
    • Visual: Appearance (shiny, dull, opaque, translucent), shape (malleable, crumbly), texture, crystal structure
    • Electrical Conductivity: Use a circuit with a bulb to see if the object allows electricity to flow
    • Heat Conductivity: Feel if the object feels warm/cold to the touch
    • Sound: Striking the object to hear if it makes a sound

Distinguishing Metal from Non-Metal

  • Using a combination of properties is more reliable than using one property alone

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