Comparing Blood Disorders

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the main characteristic of Reactive Leukocytosis?

Uncontrolled proliferation of extremely immature blast WBC's

Dysregulated and uncontrolled proliferation of maturing WBC's

Non-Cancerous increased in WBC in reaction to an infection, inflammation or stress (correct)

Exposure to certain environmental factors leading to oncogenic mutation of B or T Lymphocytes

What is the mechanism of action of Acute Leukemia?

Dysregulated and uncontrolled proliferation of maturing WBC's

Exposure to certain environmental factors leading to oncogenic mutation of B or T Lymphocytes

Uncontrolled proliferation of extremely immature blast WBC's (correct)

Left shift during acute bacterial infection

What is the primary cause of Crowding out of Normal hematopoetic cells in Acute Leukemia?

Extremely immature blast WBC's (correct)

Oncogenic mutation of B or T Lymphocytes

Neutrophilic Leukocytosis

Maturing but Dysfunctional WBC's

What is the role of Oncogenes in Acute Leukemia?

Allowing WBC to only mature to blast cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between Acute Leukemia and Chronic Leukemia?

Rate of progression Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of Tumor Suppressor genes deactivation in Chronic Leukemia?

Cells fail to die Signup and view all the answers

What is the general mechanism of action of Hodgkin Lymphoma?

Exposure to certain environmental factors leading to oncogenic mutation of B or T Lymphocytes Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of uncontrolled proliferation of cancerous lymphocytes in Hodgkin Lymphoma?

Compression of normal tissues and Immune suppression Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of WBC's in Chronic Leukemia?

Maturing but Dysfunctional WBC's Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of Anemia, Thrombocytopenia, Leukopenia in Acute Leukemia?

Crowding out of Normal hematopoetic cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of abnormal cells in Hodkins lymphoma?

Reed Sternberg cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the common presentation of patients with lymphoma?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of Hepatosplenomegaly in lymphoma patients?

Infiltration of liver and spleen by malignant cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical finding in a Bone marrow biopsy of lymphoma patients?

Hypercellular bone marrow with blasts Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific genetic abnormality found in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia?

Philadelphia chromosome Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the translocation of chromosomes 9 and 22 in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia?

Uncontrolled cell proliferation and prevention of cell death Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between Hodkins and Non-Hodkins lymphoma?

Type of malignant cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of Leukopenia in lymphoma patients?

Recurrent infections Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Lymph node biopsy in lymphoma diagnosis?

To diagnose malignant cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the commonality between the symptoms of lymphoma and leukemia?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Disease Comparison

Reactive Leukocytosis: a non-cancerous increase in WBC in response to infection, inflammation, or stress, with no left shift.
Acute Leukemia: cancer of developing WBC in the bone marrow, characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of extremely immature blast cells.
Chronic Leukemia: cancer of maturing WBC in the bone marrow, characterized by dysregulated and uncontrolled proliferation of maturing WBC.
Hodgkin Lymphoma: cancer of lymphocytes originating in the lymphatic system, characterized by abnormal Reed-Sternberg cells.
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: cancer of lymphocytes originating in the lymphatic system, characterized by malignant T or B lymphocytes.

Mechanism of Action

Reactive Leukocytosis: Neutrophilic Leukocytosis during acute bacterial infection, or Acute Inflammatory process.
Acute Leukemia: mutated genes in bone marrow activate oncogenes, leading to uncontrolled proliferation of blast cells.
Chronic Leukemia: tumor suppressor genes are deactivated, leading to excessive proliferation of maturing WBC.
Hodgkin Lymphoma: exposure to environmental factors leads to oncogenic mutation of B or T lymphocytes, causing uncontrolled proliferation.
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: exposure to environmental factors leads to oncogenic mutation of B or T lymphocytes, causing uncontrolled proliferation.

Presentation

Acute Leukemia: fatigue, easy bleeding, frequent infections, pain and tenderness of bones, abdominal fullness, and hepatosplenomegaly.
Chronic Leukemia: fatigue, fever, weight loss, anorexia, hepatosplenomegaly, and recurrent infections.
Hodgkin Lymphoma: lymphadenopathy, B-symptoms, and structural compression of normal surrounding tissues.
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: lymphadenopathy, B-symptoms, and structural compression of normal surrounding tissues.

Diagnostic Tests

Acute Leukemia: CBC, blood smear, and bone marrow biopsy.
Chronic Leukemia: CBC, blood smear, and genetic testing (Philadelphia chromosome).
Hodgkin Lymphoma: lymph node biopsy.
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: lymph node biopsy.

Patterns of Inheritance

Chronic Leukemia: specific genetic abnormality, Philadelphia chromosome, found in CML, leads to uncontrolled cell proliferation and prevention of cell death.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

This quiz compares different types of blood disorders, including Reactive Leukocytosis, Acute Leukemia, Chronic Leukemia, and Hodgkin Lymphoma. Learn about the key characteristics of each disease.