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Questions and Answers
The Local Health Boards (LHB) are responsible for capacity-building of health workers at different levels.
The Local Health Boards (LHB) are responsible for capacity-building of health workers at different levels.
True
The UHC law provides provisions for strengthening oversight of LGUs' education funds.
The UHC law provides provisions for strengthening oversight of LGUs' education funds.
False
The module 'Health as a Social Phenomenon' is part of the course 'Comparative Health Policies in the ASEAN' (SEAS 103i).
The module 'Health as a Social Phenomenon' is part of the course 'Comparative Health Policies in the ASEAN' (SEAS 103i).
True
Dennis B. Batangan is a professor at the School of Government in Ateneo de Manila University.
Dennis B. Batangan is a professor at the School of Government in Ateneo de Manila University.
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The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights is a Philippine law.
The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights is a Philippine law.
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The National Health Sector Meeting was held in 2018.
The National Health Sector Meeting was held in 2018.
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The book 'Securig a Continuum of Care: The Challentes of a Fragmented Health Sector' is published by UP Press.
The book 'Securig a Continuum of Care: The Challentes of a Fragmented Health Sector' is published by UP Press.
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The Record of the 1986 Philippine Constitutional Commission is a digital archive.
The Record of the 1986 Philippine Constitutional Commission is a digital archive.
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Whitehead and Dahlgren are authors of a book on health sector management.
Whitehead and Dahlgren are authors of a book on health sector management.
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The Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines is available online through the official government website.
The Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines is available online through the official government website.
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According to WHO, health systems can be understood as comprising only public and governmental organizations and resources.
According to WHO, health systems can be understood as comprising only public and governmental organizations and resources.
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A health system includes only the delivery of health services and stewardship activities.
A health system includes only the delivery of health services and stewardship activities.
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Good health services are those which focus only on personal health interventions.
Good health services are those which focus only on personal health interventions.
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The health system is a determinant of health inequities.
The health system is a determinant of health inequities.
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The objectives of health systems include only promoting common understanding and addressing new challenges.
The objectives of health systems include only promoting common understanding and addressing new challenges.
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Health workers are only limited to paid professionals in the public sector.
Health workers are only limited to paid professionals in the public sector.
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A well-functioning health information system only focuses on health status.
A well-functioning health information system only focuses on health status.
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Health service delivery is limited to health facilities only.
Health service delivery is limited to health facilities only.
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A well-performing health workforce is only achievable with an unlimited supply of resources.
A well-performing health workforce is only achievable with an unlimited supply of resources.
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Medical products, vaccines, and technologies are only accessible to those who can afford them.
Medical products, vaccines, and technologies are only accessible to those who can afford them.
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A good health financing system prioritizes the protection of people from financial catastrophe over the provision of incentives for providers to be efficient.
A good health financing system prioritizes the protection of people from financial catastrophe over the provision of incentives for providers to be efficient.
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The three interrelated functions of a health financing system are revenue collection, service delivery, and health workforce management.
The three interrelated functions of a health financing system are revenue collection, service delivery, and health workforce management.
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Health system stewardship involves only the development of strategic policy frameworks.
Health system stewardship involves only the development of strategic policy frameworks.
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A health financing system should prioritize the collection of revenues from households over the pooling of pre-paid revenues.
A health financing system should prioritize the collection of revenues from households over the pooling of pre-paid revenues.
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National health financing policies are not a priority in health financing systems.
National health financing policies are not a priority in health financing systems.
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The ASEAN Charter was established on 8 August 1967
The ASEAN Charter was established on 8 August 1967
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The ASEAN Economic Community was established in 2015
The ASEAN Economic Community was established in 2015
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One of the strategic measures of ASEAN is to promote strong health insurance systems in the region
One of the strategic measures of ASEAN is to promote strong health insurance systems in the region
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The ultimate goal of ASEAN is to establish a single, unified government for all member states
The ultimate goal of ASEAN is to establish a single, unified government for all member states
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ASEAN will continue to promote the development of a weak healthcare industry in the region
ASEAN will continue to promote the development of a weak healthcare industry in the region
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The ASEAN Secretariat Community Relations Division published the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) in 2015.
The ASEAN Secretariat Community Relations Division published the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) in 2015.
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The ASEAN SOCIO-CULTURAL COMMUNITY (ASCC) fact sheet was published in 2015.
The ASEAN SOCIO-CULTURAL COMMUNITY (ASCC) fact sheet was published in 2015.
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The ASEAN POLITICAL-SECURITY COMMUNITY (APSC) fact sheet was published in 2017.
The ASEAN POLITICAL-SECURITY COMMUNITY (APSC) fact sheet was published in 2017.
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ASEAN 2025: Forging Ahead Together was published in 2017.
ASEAN 2025: Forging Ahead Together was published in 2017.
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The Post 2015 Health Development Agenda was published in 2016.
The Post 2015 Health Development Agenda was published in 2016.
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The ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community is committed to lifting the quality of life of its people by prioritizing economic development over welfare and well-being.
The ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community is committed to lifting the quality of life of its people by prioritizing economic development over welfare and well-being.
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The ASEAN Post-2015 Health Development Agenda covers the period from 2015 to 2020.
The ASEAN Post-2015 Health Development Agenda covers the period from 2015 to 2020.
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The proportion of the population in various age groups in ASEAN is expected to remain constant in the future.
The proportion of the population in various age groups in ASEAN is expected to remain constant in the future.
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The three pillars of ASEAN Community include the ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community, the ASEAN Economic Community, and the ASEAN Defence Community.
The three pillars of ASEAN Community include the ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community, the ASEAN Economic Community, and the ASEAN Defence Community.
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The ASEAN Harmonization of Technical Standards on health supplements is a regulatory requirement for ASEAN member states.
The ASEAN Harmonization of Technical Standards on health supplements is a regulatory requirement for ASEAN member states.
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The health priority of AHC 3: Strengthening Health System and Access to Care includes pharmaceutical development and human resources for health.
The health priority of AHC 3: Strengthening Health System and Access to Care includes pharmaceutical development and human resources for health.
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The goal of AHC 4: Ensuring Food Safety is to strengthen food safety risk analysis in ASEAN.
The goal of AHC 4: Ensuring Food Safety is to strengthen food safety risk analysis in ASEAN.
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The ASEAN Charter was established on 8 August 2007.
The ASEAN Charter was established on 8 August 2007.
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The ultimate goal of ASEAN is to establish a single, unified government for all member states.
The ultimate goal of ASEAN is to establish a single, unified government for all member states.
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AHC 3: Strengthening Health System and Access to Care aims to provide the ASEAN Community with universal access to safe, affordable, quality, holistic health care and essential medical supplies.
AHC 3: Strengthening Health System and Access to Care aims to provide the ASEAN Community with universal access to safe, affordable, quality, holistic health care and essential medical supplies.
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The Post 2015 Health Development Agenda was published in 2015.
The Post 2015 Health Development Agenda was published in 2015.
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ASEAN will continue to promote the development of a weak healthcare industry in the region.
ASEAN will continue to promote the development of a weak healthcare industry in the region.
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The ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community is committed to lifting the quality of life of its people by prioritizing economic development over welfare and well-being.
The ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community is committed to lifting the quality of life of its people by prioritizing economic development over welfare and well-being.
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The ASEAN Post-2015 Health Development Agenda covers the period from 2021 to 2025.
The ASEAN Post-2015 Health Development Agenda covers the period from 2021 to 2025.
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The vision of APHDA is to ensure a healthy, caring, and sustainable ASEAN community.
The vision of APHDA is to ensure a healthy, caring, and sustainable ASEAN community.
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AHC 3 is focused on Ensuring Food Safety.
AHC 3 is focused on Ensuring Food Safety.
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The health priority of AHC 1 includes Prevention and Control of Communicable Diseases.
The health priority of AHC 1 includes Prevention and Control of Communicable Diseases.
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AHC 2 is focused on Promoting Healthy Lifestyles.
AHC 2 is focused on Promoting Healthy Lifestyles.
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The ASEAN Post-2015 Health Development Agenda has four health clusters.
The ASEAN Post-2015 Health Development Agenda has four health clusters.
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The mission of APHDA is to ensure a healthy, caring, and sustainable ASEAN community by promoting healthy lifestyles.
The mission of APHDA is to ensure a healthy, caring, and sustainable ASEAN community by promoting healthy lifestyles.
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Study Notes
Introduction to Comparative Health Policies in ASEAN
- The course "Comparative Health Policies in ASEAN" (SEAS 103i) is introduced by Dennis B. Batangan, M.D., M.Sc. (Heid) from Ateneo de Manila University.
- The course covers the social phenomenon of health and its related policies in ASEAN.
Health as a Social Phenomenon
- The right to health is a fundamental human right recognized by the Philippine Constitution (1987) and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (Article 12.1).
- The "intent of the framers" of the Philippine Constitution was to make health care more preventive in orientation rather than curative.
- Health inequities arise from patterns of social stratification, including unequal distribution of power, prestige, and resources among groups in society.
- Health disparities refer to differences in health conditions and health status between groups based on factors such as race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, sexual orientation, gender, disability, and geographic location.
Health Development Index and Life Expectancy
- The Health Development Index (HDI) and life expectancy at birth are compared among ASEAN countries.
- The Philippines lags behind its ASEAN neighbors in terms of health outcomes, including life expectancy at birth.
Mortality Rates and Health Outcomes
- Mortality rates of selected diseases are compared among Vietnam, Indonesia, and the Philippines.
- The Philippines has higher mortality rates compared to its ASEAN neighbors.
- Health outcomes in the Philippines are lagging behind those of its ASEAN neighbors.
Reconfiguring Primary Health Care
- The study "Reconfiguring Primary Health Care" highlights the need for a comprehensive approach to primary health care.
- The study recommends capacity-building of health workers, strengthening of local health boards, and financing mechanisms to ensure benefits delivery.
Declining Immunization Rates
- Immunization rates in the Philippines have declined from 88% in 2013 to less than 70% in 2018.
- This decline is a major concern for public health in the Philippines.
Health Services
- Health services include prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation
- These services can be delivered in the home, community, workplace, or health facilities
- Priorities include packages, delivery models, infrastructure, management, safety, and quality, as well as demand for care
Health Workforce
- A well-performing health workforce is responsive, fair, and efficient to achieve the best health outcomes
- Health workers include all people engaged in actions whose primary intent is to protect and improve health
- This includes public and private sector health workers, paid and unpaid workers, and lay and professional cadres
- Priorities include national workforce policies, investment plans, advocacy, norms, standards, and data
Health Information
- A well-functioning health information system ensures the production, analysis, dissemination, and use of reliable and timely information on health determinants, health system performance, and health status
- The system has three domains: health determinants, health systems performance, and health status
- Priorities include facility and population-based information and surveillance systems, as well as global standards and tools
Medical Products, Vaccines, and Technologies
- A well-functioning health system ensures equitable access to essential medical products, vaccines, and technologies of assured quality, safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness
- Priorities include ensuring scientifically sound and cost-effective use of these products and technologies
Health System
- A health system comprises all organizations, institutions, and resources devoted to producing health actions
- It includes the delivery of health services, activities that enable health service delivery, and stewardship activities
- Health systems are considered intermediate social determinants of health
Service Delivery
- Good health services deliver effective, safe, quality personal and non-personal health interventions to those who need them
- Priorities include norms, standards, policies, reliable procurement, equitable access, and quality
Health Financing
- A good health financing system raises adequate funds for health, ensuring people can access needed services without financial catastrophe or impoverishment
- The system has three interrelated functions: revenue collection, pooling of pre-paid revenues, and purchasing or payment for services
- Priorities include national health financing policies, tools, and data on health expenditures, and costing
Leadership/Governance/Stewardship
- Effective leadership and governance involve strategic policy frameworks, oversight, coalition-building, regulation, and accountability
- Priorities include national policies, investment plans, advocacy, norms, and standards
ASEAN Overview
- Founded on August 8, 1967, by Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand
- Enlarged to include Brunei Darussalam (1984), Viet Nam (1995), Lao PDR and Myanmar (1997), and Cambodia (1999)
- ASEAN Charter established on December 15, 2008
- Ultimate goal: Achieve the ASEAN Community by 2015
Three Pillars of ASEAN
- ASEAN Political-Security Community (APSC)
- ASEAN Economic Community (AEC)
- ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community (ASCC)
ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community
- Committed to lifting the quality of life of its people by prioritizing their welfare and well-being
- Blueprint 2025 aims to promote the development of a strong healthcare industry in the region
- Strategic measures include:
- Developing private healthcare markets and public-private partnerships in universal healthcare
- Harmonizing standards and conformance in healthcare products and services
- Promoting health tourism and e-healthcare services
- Strengthening health insurance systems in the region
- Facilitating the mobility of healthcare professionals
- Developing an ASEAN regulatory framework for traditional medicines and health supplements
ASEAN Post-2015 Health Development Agenda
- 2016-2020 agenda focuses on improving healthcare in the region
- Challenges include:
- Sovereignty of member states
- Economic diversity
- Varying regulatory capabilities
Demographic Shift in ASEAN
- Proportion of population by various age groups is changing
- Transition to an ageing population
- Top three challenges facing ASEAN include:
- Managing the impact of demographic changes
- Addressing economic disparities
- Ensuring social cohesion
ASEAN Post-2015 Health Development Agenda (APHDA) 2021-2025
- Vision: A Healthy, Caring, and Sustainable ASEAN Community
- Mission: Ensure a healthy, caring, and sustainable ASEAN Community by promoting healthy lifestyles, responding to all hazards and emerging threats, strengthening health systems and access to care, and ensuring food safety
Four Health Clusters
- AHC 1: Promoting healthy lifestyles • Goals: Achieve health potential of ASEAN Community through promoting healthy lifestyle, ensure healthy lives and well-being for all at all ages • Health Priorities: • Prevention and Control of Non-Communicable Diseases • Reduction of tobacco consumption and harmful use of alcohol • Prevention of Injuries • Promotion of Occupational Health • Promotion of Mental Health • Promotion of Healthy and Active Ageing • Promotion of Good Nutrition and Healthy Diet
AHC 2: Responding to All Hazards and Emerging Threats
- Goals: • Promote resilient health system in response to communicable diseases, emerging infectious diseases, neglected tropical diseases, and zoonotic diseases • Enhance regional preparedness and response to public health emergencies and ensure effective disaster health management in the region • Prepare and respond to environmental health threats and other hazards, including health impacts of climate change in the region
- Health Priorities: • Prevention and control of communicable diseases, emerging infectious diseases, neglected tropical diseases, and zoonotic diseases • Regional preparedness and response to public health emergencies • Strengthening laboratory capacity • Combating antimicrobial resistance (AMR) • Environmental health, health impact assessment (HIA), and health impact of climate change • Disaster health management
AHC 3: Strengthening Health System and Access to Care
- Goals: • Provide ASEAN Community with universal access to safe, affordable, quality, holistic health care and essential medical supplies, including traditional and complementary medicines • Advance health care deliveries by adapting and working towards innovation and digital health technology • Promote health care delivery to vulnerable populations, such as women, children, and migrant workers among others
- Health Priorities: • Traditional & Complementary Medicine • Reproductive, Maternal, Neonatal, and Child Health • Universal Health Coverage, including health financing and health service delivery • Migrants’ health • Pharmaceutical development • Human Resources for Health • Digital health and health information system
AHC 4: Ensuring Food Safety
- Goals: • Promote access to safe food • Strengthen food safety risk analysis in ASEAN
- Health Priority: Food safety
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Description
This quiz covers the introductory module of the course 'Comparative Health Policies in the ASEAN', focusing on the social aspects of health. It is part of the School of Social Sciences and School of Government at Ateneo de Manila University.
