Comparative Anatomy of Digestive Tract

What is the primary reason for anatomical differences in the digestive tract between species?

Genetic variation between species
Brain size and complexity
Type of diet consumed (correct)
Evolutionary adaptation to environment

Which of the following digestive systems is characterized by a simple stomach?

Omnivore
Ruminant
Non-ruminant (correct)
Herbivore

What is the main function of the rumenoreticulum in ruminants?

Hormone regulation
Providing a suitable environment for microorganisms (correct)
Protein synthesis
Fat storage

What is the fate of propionic acid in the body?

Converted to glucose by the liver (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of energy for horses and rabbits?

Fermentation end-products (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the large intestine in horses and rabbits?

Long and complex (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the liver in the digestive system?

To secrete bile acids, cholesterol, and other substances into the small intestine (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of segmentation movement in the intestine?

To mix the ingesta and bring it into contact with villi (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of microbial fermentation in the large intestine?

Production of VFA, CO, and CH4 (D) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the ammonia produced in the large intestine?

It is absorbed into the bloodstream and converted to urea in the liver (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the cecum and colon in the digestive system?

To ferment and break down undigested carbohydrates (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the end product of tryptophan metabolism by microflora in the large intestine?

Indole and skatole (D) Signup and view all the answers

In which part of the digestive system does microbial fermentation occur in horses?

Cecum and large colon (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cloaca in birds?

Hold waste products until voided (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the digestive system is responsible for the accumulation of feces just prior to discharge?

Rectum (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the teeth in ruminants?

No incisor teeth on the upper jaw (B) Signup and view all the answers

Where does fiber digestion occur in horses?

Cecum and large colon (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the terminal opening of the digestive tract in birds?

Vent (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary site of microbial fermentation in ruminant animals?

Reticulorumen (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following animals is an example of a hindgut fermenter?

Horse (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the esophageal groove in young ruminants?

To allow milk to pass directly into the abomasum (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between monogastric and ruminant animals?

Site of microbial fermentation (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following animals is an example of a monogastric, non-ruminant omnivore?

Pig (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the fourth chamber of the ruminant stomach?

Abomasum (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the rough inside of the cheeks and palate in ruminants?

To hold feed in while chewing (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the unique function of the esophagus in ruminants?

To allow for bidirectional flow (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the rumen in ruminants?

To house billions of microorganisms (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the risk of having a foreign object lodged in the reticulum?

It can penetrate into the heart (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of bringing food back from the stomach to the mouth for further chewing in ruminants?

Rumination (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic motion of chewing in ruminants?

Side-to-side motion (A) Signup and view all the answers