COMP40741: Ethical Hacking Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the first step to take after validating the country for penetration testing?

  • Gather information on Open-source intelligence
  • Start testing immediately
  • Register on Immersive Labs
  • Review the laws of the specific country (correct)

    • Which tool or platform is suggested for practicing penetration testing topics outside of local virtual machines?

  • Immersive Labs (correct)
  • Kali Linux
  • Burp Suite
  • Metasploit Framework

    • What should be completed during the Week 1 lab exercises?

  • Advanced penetration testing techniques
  • Setup physical network infrastructure
  • Complete system penetration assessments on client systems
  • Command Line tutorials in an Ubuntu Virtual Machine (correct)

    • Which aspect of penetration testing will be the focus for the next week?

    <p>Information Gathering and Footprinting (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What registration code is provided for creating an account on Immersive Labs?

    <p>CYBER-MILLION (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of hacker is primarily motivated by financial gain through cyber crimes?

    <p>Black Hats (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following motivations is primarily associated with vandals in hacking?

    <p>Anger directed at individuals or organizations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of hackers operates in a morally ambiguous territory, sometimes working as security professionals?

    <p>Grey Hats (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ethical consideration is essential for ethical hackers to remember when performing hacking activities?

    <p>They must obtain permission before hacking. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of motivations, which of the following describes someone who hacks out of anger towards perceived injustices?

    <p>Anger (retaliatory) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of hacker is known to identify security flaws but shares the findings with vendors to improve safety?

    <p>White Hats (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the motivation of hackers who engage in activities like cyberstalking?

    <p>Power assurance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception about obtaining permission for ethical hacking?

    <p>It gives hackers the right to do anything they want. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary ethical consideration in penetration testing?

    <p>Obtaining informed consent before testing systems (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of penetration testing involves identifying and assessing vulnerabilities?

    <p>Vulnerability Assessment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of intelligence gathering is conducted during the reconnaissance phase?

    <p>Open-source intelligence (OSINT) gathering (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During exploitation, what is a common method used for privilege escalation?

    <p>Identifying unpatched vulnerabilities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of threat modeling techniques in penetration testing?

    <p>To identify potential threats and their impacts on systems (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are common vulnerabilities and exposures (CVE) primarily used for?

    <p>Standardizing vulnerability reporting (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a vital component of penetration testing documentation?

    <p>Risk Assessment and Mitigation strategies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the primary aim of the module COMP40741?

    <p>To develop skills for identifying and addressing computer system vulnerabilities. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the expected learning outcomes regarding knowledge and understanding?

    <p>Demonstrate an understanding of penetration testing methodologies. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What critical thinking aspect is emphasized in risk assessment during penetration testing?

    <p>Analyzing the probability and impact of threats (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following skills should students develop upon completing the module?

    <p>Apply penetration testing techniques on virtual environments. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In ethical hacking, what is a critical aspect that students must assess?

    <p>Ethical and legal considerations surrounding penetration testing. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is NOT typically included in the module specification?

    <p>Job placement opportunities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the practical skills students are expected to develop in this module?

    <p>Identifying and exploiting vulnerabilities in computer systems. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The module is part of which area of study?

    <p>Computer Science (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which email address belongs to the module leader?

    <p><a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a> (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible disclosure in the context of cybersecurity?

    <p>Notifying an organization about a security weakness and allowing time to fix it before publicizing. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is confidentiality important when dealing with cybersecurity?

    <p>It prevents unauthorized sharing of sensitive information, like personal details and passwords. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes penetration testing?

    <p>A legal attempt to find and exploit vulnerabilities to strengthen security. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common requirement before conducting security tests in a professional setting?

    <p>Signing confidentiality and non-disclosure agreements. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a 'proof of concept' attack in penetration testing?

    <p>To show that a vulnerability exists and can be exploited. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the duration given for a company to patch a security vulnerability during responsible disclosure?

    <p>The complexity of the vulnerability and the risk it poses. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a law related to unauthorized access of computer systems?

    <p>Electronic Communications Privacy Act (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of ethical hacking or penetration testing?

    <p>Using the same tools and techniques as malicious hackers to find weaknesses. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the pre-engagement phase in penetration testing?

    <p>To establish the objectives and expectations with the client (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of penetration testing involves the client providing no information before testing begins?

    <p>Black-box testing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the penetration testing framework do testers perform vulnerability assessment and targeting scanning?

    <p>Execution (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is included in the scope of a penetration test?

    <p>The specific network configurations of the test (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of penetration test?

    <p>Automated pentest (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for gaining access to a system after exploiting a vulnerability?

    <p>Post Exploitation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be included in the written agreement before conducting a penetration test?

    <p>Written and signed permission from the client (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following phases follows the exploitation of weaknesses in a penetration test?

    <p>Post Exploitation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Ethical Hacking

    The practice of intentionally probing systems for vulnerabilities while adhering to legal standards.

    Penetration Testing

    A simulated cyber attack to identify security weaknesses in systems or networks.

    Information Gathering

    The process of collecting data to inform security assessments, often the first step in penetration testing.

    Google Dorks

    Advanced search techniques used to find vulnerabilities and sensitive data using Google search.

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    Open-source Intelligence (OSINT)

    Information collected from publicly available sources, often used for gathering data in penetration testing.

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    Module Aims

    Goals of the course, focusing on skills and knowledge in ethical hacking and penetration testing.

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    Learning Outcomes

    Specific skills and understanding students should achieve by the end of the module.

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    Vulnerabilities

    Weaknesses in a system that can be exploited by attackers.

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    Risk Assessment

    Process of identifying and analyzing potential risks to minimize and mitigate threats.

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    Ethics in Testing

    Moral principles guiding the conduct of penetration testing, ensuring legality and responsibility.

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    Practical Skills

    Hands-on abilities developed to apply theoretical knowledge in real scenarios of penetration testing.

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    Malicious Hacker

    A hacker who exploits vulnerabilities for criminal activities.

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    Motivation for Hacking

    Reasons hackers engage in cyber crimes, such as profit, fun, or revenge.

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    Black Hats

    Hackers who violate security to exploit systems or data for malicious purposes.

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    White Hats

    Ethical hackers who help identify and fix security flaws.

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    Grey Hats

    Hackers who operate in a morally ambiguous space, sometimes hacking for fun or alongside security jobs.

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    Cyber Stalking

    Using technology to harass or threaten someone, linking self-worth to power over others.

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    Hacktivists

    Hackers motivated by political or ideological beliefs to promote a cause or agenda.

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    Vulnerability Assessment

    The process of identifying and evaluating security weaknesses in a system.

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    Exploitation Techniques

    Methods used to take advantage of discovered vulnerabilities.

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    Legal and Ethical Considerations

    Guidelines addressing the legality and morality of penetration testing practices.

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    Social Engineering

    Manipulating people into revealing confidential information.

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    Penetration Testing Framework

    A structured approach to conducting penetration tests, including planning, execution, and reporting.

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    Pre-engagement

    The initial conversation with the client to understand their needs and expectations for the penetration test.

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    Types of Penetration Testing

    Different categories of penetration tests including network, web, and physical tests.

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    Black-box Testing

    A type of penetration test where the tester has no prior knowledge about the system.

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    White-box Testing

    A type of penetration test where the tester is given full access to the system details.

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    Defining Scope

    Establishing the boundaries and objectives of a penetration test.

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    Reporting

    The final phase of penetration testing where findings and recommendations are documented and shared with the client.

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    Confidential Information

    Data that must be kept secret, such as passwords or personal details.

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    Responsible Disclosure

    Notifying an organization about a vulnerability with time to fix it before public knowledge.

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    Non-Disclosure Agreements

    Legal contracts ensuring confidentiality of information shared during professional work.

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    Computer Misuse Act 1990

    A UK law aimed at preventing unauthorized access to computer systems.

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    Exploit

    A method used to take advantage of a vulnerability in a system.

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    Proof of Concept

    Demonstrating that a security vulnerability can be exploited effectively.

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    Legislation on Cybersecurity

    Laws worldwide preventing misuse and unauthorized access in computing.

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    Study Notes

    Module Overview

    • Module name: COMP40741: Ethical Hacking and Penetration Testing
    • Lecture 1: Module overview and introduction to penetration testing
    • Module leader: Dr. Nemitari Ajienka
    • Module team: Dr. Kwame Assa-Agyei

    Module Aims

    • Equip students with knowledge, skills and ethical considerations for identifying and addressing vulnerabilities in computer systems.
    • Develop comprehensive understanding of ethical hacking and penetration testing methods.
    • Introduce students to principles, methodologies and tools of ethical hacking and penetration testing.
    • Develop practical skills in identifying and exploiting vulnerabilities in computer systems.
    • Assess the ethical and legal considerations surrounding penetration testing.
    • Understand the importance of risk assessment and mitigation in cybersecurity.

    Learning Outcomes

    • Knowledge and understanding:
      • Demonstrate understanding of penetration testing methodologies.
      • Demonstrate understanding of ethical hacking principles and methodologies.
      • Evaluate the legal and ethical implications of penetration testing.
      • Identify, analyse and assess vulnerabilities and threats in computer systems.
    • Skills, qualities and attributes:
      • Apply penetration testing techniques to identify and exploit vulnerabilities.
      • Develop effective strategies for securing computer systems and networks.
      • Communicate security findings and recommendations through comprehensive reports.
      • Demonstrate critical thinking in risk assessment and mitigation.

    Assessment

    • Online in-class test (Individual): 30%, covering K1, K2, and K3
    • Report (Individual): 70%, covering K1, K4, S1 to S4. This involves a hands-on penetration testing project, demonstrating vulnerability identification, exploitation, risk mitigation, and reporting.

    Module Specification

    • Module overview and aims included in the Learning Room on NOW.
    • Module content, delivery methods, schedule, indicative reading, learning outcomes and assessment details also found on NOW.

    Provisional Module Content

    • Week 1-3: Introduction to Ethical Hacking and Pentesting, Overview of penetration testing methodologies, Information Gathering and Footprinting, Scanning and Enumeration
    • Week 4-5: Vulnerability Assessment, Exploitation techniques and tools, Legal and ethical considerations
    • Week 6-8: Risk assessment and mitigation, Exploits
    • Week 9: Penetration testing, reporting standards
    • Week 10: Social engineering techniques, Support Sessions

    Resources/Reference Texts

    • Graham, D. G. (2021). Ethical hacking: a hands-on introduction.
    • Oriyano, S-P. (2017). Penetration testing essentials.
    • Khawaja, G. (2021). Kali Linux penetration testing bible.
    • Sabih, Z. (2018). Learn ethical hacking from scratch.
    • Baloch, R. (2015). Ethical Hacking and Penetration Testing Guide

    Web-based Resources and Tools

    • Specific URLs for various platforms and tools, including Immersive Labs, Digital Cyber Academy, VMWare, Kali Linux, Metasploitable, SeedUbuntu, and Ubuntu.

    Ethics Discussion

    • Course is for educational purposes only.
    • Lab exercises must be performed on provided testbed systems, not university or other equipment.

    Permission and Privacy

    • Permission required for penetration testing engagements.
    • Sensitive information (user details, encryption keys, passwords) must be kept confidential.
    • Confidentiality and non-disclosure agreements may be required for professional penetration testing.

    Responsible Disclosure

    • Responsible disclosure process for notifying companies or organizations of security vulnerabilities.
    • Timeframe for patching before public disclosure to minimize risks.

    Legislations

    • Laws related to computer misuse, unauthorized access, and activities like penetration testing.
    • References to UK Computer Misuse Act 1990, US Computer Fraud and Abuse Act 1986, and Australian Criminal Code.

    What is Ethical Hacking/Penetration Testing?

    • Legal and authorised attempt to locate and successfully exploit vulnerabilities in computer systems to strengthen security.
    • "Proof of concept" attacks and specific recommendations for identified issues.

    Importance of Studying Ethical Hacking/Penetration Testing

    • EC-Council cyber career path options, and Vulnerability Assessment and Penetration Testing (VAPT) career pathways.

    Penetration Testing Framework

    • Various phases (Pre-engagement, Information Gathering, Target Scanning, Vulnerability Assessment, Exploitation, Post Exploitation, and Reporting).

    Types of Penetration Testing

    • Network, Infrastructure, Database, Web, Wireless, Social Engineering, and Physical penetration testing.

    Types of Penetration Tests

    • Black-Box (no prior information).
    • White-Box (full details).
    • Grey-Box (partial details).

    Pre-engagement

    • Defining Scope: Important for legal compliance.
    • Questions: to clarify objectives, requirements, and boundaries.

    Topics for Pre-engagement

    • Scope, Documentation, Rules of Engagement, Third-Party-Hosted Environments, Success Criteria, Review of Past Threats, Avoid scan interference on security appliances

    Scope Creep

    • Efficient way to negatively impact penetration testing projects.
    • Importance of clear documentation and validation of scope.

    ISP (Internet Service Provider)

    • Service provider verification and notification (if applicable).
    • Location of servers needs to be verified.

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    Related Documents

    Ethical Hacking and Penetration Testing Lecture 1 (PDF)

    Description

    This quiz covers the foundational concepts of COMP40741: Ethical Hacking and Penetration Testing. It introduces students to the principles, methodologies, tools, and ethical considerations pertinent to identifying and addressing vulnerabilities in computer systems. Assess your understanding of penetration testing methods and the legal aspects surrounding them.

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