Community Nursing Planning and Services
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Questions and Answers

What are the three dimensions of health involved in the integrated approach to community health development?

  • Housing, Employment, Transportation
  • Diet, Exercise, Socioeconomic factors
  • Lifestyle, Climate, Education
  • Lifestyle, Environment, Reorientation of health care system (correct)
  • Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of 'predisposing factors' in the PRECEDE model?

  • They are conditions of the people and environment that facilitate healthy behavior.
  • They motivate individuals toward to health-related problems.
  • They are often personal characteristics or beliefs.
  • They involve feedback given by support persons or groups. (correct)
  • The 'Proceed' model focuses mainly on assessing and evaluating health programs.

    True (A)

    Which of the following is a key feature of situational analysis in community health planning?

    <p>It involves analyzing specific health problems and their root causes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of community health planning, 'budgeting' refers to:

    <p>Allocating specific resources to individual program activities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of 'outcome evaluation' in program evaluation?

    <p>To measure the impact of the program on the overall goal and objective.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ phase of the PRECEDE model focuses on identifying and analyzing the factors that contribute to a health problem.

    <p>Predisposing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of a 'crisis-oriented problem' in community health planning?

    <p>It is a specific health problem that needs immediate attention. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the terms associated with health planning to their corresponding definition.

    <p>Precede Model = Focuses on implementing and evaluating health programs Proceed Model = Focuses on assessing the factors that contribute to health problems Enabling Factors = Conditions of the people and environment that facilitate healthy behaviors Reinforcing Factors = Feedback given by support persons or groups that encourage or discourage healthy behaviors Predisposing Factors = Characteristics that motivate individuals toward health-related problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the characteristics of the Predisposing factor?

    <p>Characteristics that motivate people toward health-related issues. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Situational Analysis?

    <p>To gather and interpret data to gain a clear picture of the healthcare status within the community. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these statements accurately describes the Enabling factor?

    <p>These factors are related to the conditions of the people and the environment that facilitate health-related behavior. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Budgeting factor in the planning process?

    <p>Specific requirement of each program in relation to the resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main objective of the Reinforcing factor?

    <p>To provide feedback or rewards for positive health-related behaviour. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Process Evaluation?

    <p>Measure the activities of the program quality and evaluate whether the objective of the program were met.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Quantitative method of evaluation measures the score or result of the program.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Goal is measured in the Outcome Evaluation.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of Policy?

    <p>A course of action that is chosen by a group of people to address a specific issue or problem. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of approach empowers communities to address their needs and problems?

    <p>Community-based approach (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of approach involves the dimension of health including lifestyle, environment, and reorientation of the health care system?

    <p>Integrated approach (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of Crisis-oriented problems?

    <p>Focus on the specific problem and address it immediately. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Planning

    A systematic process that is forward-looking, adaptable, and dynamic, focusing on achieving community health goals.

    Participatory Approach

    A community-based approach to health program planning that empowers communities to address their health needs.

    Integrated Approach

    A health program planning approach that considers lifestyle choices, the environment, and the health care system itself.

    PRECEDE model

    A model for implementing and evaluating health programs. It aligns with the assessment phase, focusing on behavioral and environmental factors.

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    Predisposing Factors

    Characteristics that motivate people toward health-related behaviors.

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    Enabling Factors

    Conditions (of people and the environment) that help facilitate and enable health-related behavior.

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    Reinforcing Factors

    Support provided or anticipated as a consequence of a health behavior.

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    Situational Analysis

    Collecting and analyzing data to understand the current healthcare status of a community.

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    Social Diagnosis

    Defining the health problem in the community, including the affected population and the magnitude of the problem.

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    Epidemiological Diagnosis

    Understanding the health issue's impact and characteristics; looking at morbidity and mortality rates.

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    Behavioral and Environmental Diagnosis

    Explaining why health problems persist by analyzing risk markers and environmental factors.

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    Behavioral Risk Markers

    Specific actions or behaviors that increase risk.

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    Environmental Risk Markers

    Conditions in the community that influence risk.

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    Educational and Organizational Diagnosis

    Identifying the contributing factors of a health problem, focusing on knowledge, environment, and the support/punishments for health behavior.

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    Goal

    The desired result or outcome of a health program.

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    Objective

    Specific, measurable steps required to achieve a goal.

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    Sub-Objective

    Break down of objectives into smaller changes required prior to attaining a larger objective.

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    Strategy Objective

    The overall strategy planned to meet the objectives. What should be achieved with a particular strategy.

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    Strategy Activities

    Specific actions taken to meet the Strategy Objective.

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    What is the key characteristic of community health planning?

    It must be flexible and adaptable to changing community needs and circumstances.

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    Why is community health planning change-oriented?

    It's focused on improving the health of the community, which involves making positive changes to address health issues.

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    Define 'participatory approach' in community health planning.

    It involves community members actively participating in planning and decision-making processes, ensuring their needs are met.

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    What is the main focus of the 'community-based approach'?

    Empowering communities to take ownership and address their own health issues and find solutions.

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    Explain 'integrated approach' in community health planning.

    It's a holistic approach that considers all aspects of health - physical, mental, environmental, and social.

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    What does the PRECEDE model focus on?

    It emphasizes the importance of understanding the social, environmental, and behavioral factors that influence health.

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    What are 'predisposing factors?'

    These are factors that influence a person's motivation to engage in healthy behaviors.

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    Explain 'enabling factors' in community health planning.

    These are conditions or resources that make healthy behaviors easier to adopt.

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    Define 'reinforcing factors.'

    These are the rewards or consequences that encourage someone to continue or stop a certain behavior.

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    What is the purpose of 'situational analysis'?

    It helps understand the current health situation of a community by gathering and analyzing data.

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    What is the key focus of 'social diagnosis'?

    Identifying the health problem in the community, including the affected population and the severity.

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    Explain 'epidemiological diagnosis.'

    It analyzes the health problem's impact and characteristics, looking at disease rates and mortality.

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    What is the main purpose of 'behavioral and environmental diagnosis'?

    Understanding why the health problem exists by looking at factors like risk behaviors and the environment.

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    What are 'behavioral risk markers'?

    These are specific actions that increase the risk of developing a health problem.

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    Explain 'environmental risk markers.'

    These are external factors in the environment that contribute to health risks.

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    What is the focus of 'educational and organizational diagnosis'?

    It examines how knowledge, resources, and support systems impact people's health behaviors.

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    Define 'administrative and policy diagnosis'?

    It analyzes how policies and healthcare systems contribute to or hinder the community's health.

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    What is the difference between a 'goal' and an 'objective'?

    A goal is a broad aspirational outcome, while an objective is a specific, measurable step towards that goal.

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    Explain 'sub-objective' in community health planning.

    Sub-objectives are smaller, intermediary objectives that contribute to achieving a larger objective.

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    What is a 'strategy objective'?

    It defines the overall strategy or approach chosen to achieve the objectives.

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    Explain 'strategy activities' in community health planning.

    These are the specific actions or tasks undertaken to implement the strategy and meet the objectives.

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    What are 'service activities' in community health planning?

    These are the direct health services provided to the community, aimed at improving health.

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    Explain 'development activities' in community health planning.

    These focus on transferring knowledge and building skills in the community to improve health.

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    What are 'support activities' in community health planning?

    These are the resources and support needed to sustain the program, including staff, equipment, and funding.

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    What is 'budgeting' in community health planning?

    It's the process of allocating resources, based on program needs and funding availability.

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    Why is it important to create a 'time and schedule' for community health programs?

    A timeline ensures efficient use of time, resources, and efforts to achieve program goals.

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    What are 'qualitative methods' of program evaluation?

    These methods assess the program's impact based on experiences, perceptions, and qualitative data.

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    Explain 'quantitative methods' of program evaluation.

    These methods use numerical data and measurements to assess the program's effectiveness.

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    What is 'process evaluation' in program evaluation?

    It assesses the implementation and quality of the program's activities.

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    Explain 'impact evaluation' in program evaluation.

    It analyzes the immediate effects of the program on the target group, determining if objectives were met.

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    What is 'outcome evaluation'?

    It measures the long-term effects and sustainability of the program, assessing its overall impact on the community.

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    Study Notes

    Planning for Community Nursing Progress and Services

    • Planning involves futurism, change orientation, continuous dynamics, flexibility, and systematic processes.
    • Participatory approaches to health programs include a community-based approach, empowering communities to address their needs, and an integrated approach encompassing various health dimensions (lifestyle, environment).
    • The preceded model aligns with the assessment phase, considering predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors.
    • Policy, construction, and educational development are components of a proceed model.

    Planning Cycle

    • A situational analysis gathers data to understand the community's healthcare status.
    • This includes identifying problems, their severity, and potential causes.
    • Crisis oriented problems focus on immediate issues.
    • PRECEDE (Political, Cultural factors) model analysis complements the assessment.

    Phases of Diagnosis

    • Phase 1: Social Diagnosis: Analyzes population characteristics, problem magnitude, and societal impact.
    • Phase 2: Epidemiological Diagnosis: Assesses the health problem in terms of morbidity, mortality, and location.
    • Phase 3: Behavioral and Environmental Diagnosis: Explains contributing behavioral and environmental factors.
    • Phase 4: Educational and Organizational Diagnosis: Identifies predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors.
    • Phase 5: Administrative and Policy Diagnosis: Evaluates supportive environments and policies.

    Program Evaluation

    • Program evaluation uses qualitative and quantitative methods to assess program impact for users.
    • Qualitative methods capture experiences and perspectives, while quantitative methods quantify program results.
    • Process evaluation measures program quality, impact evaluation assesses immediate effects, and outcome evaluation examines long-term program effects.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the fundamental principles of planning in community nursing, focusing on participatory health programs and the PRECEDE model. It examines the planning cycle, including situational analysis and phases of diagnosis crucial for effective community health interventions. Test your understanding of how to identify community healthcare needs and implement tailored strategies.

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