Community Health Overview
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT typically involved in the initial review of data and identification of preliminary priorities?

  • Local business owners (correct)
  • Service providers
  • Public health officials
  • Community leaders

What is the primary purpose of establishing criteria for setting priorities?

  • To provide a structured and objective approach. (correct)
  • To ensure resources are used arbitrarily.
  • To delay identifying community needs.
  • To create a political advantage.

Which type of information is most useful to gather during the initial stages of identifying community needs?

  • Potential community assets and resources. (correct)
  • Public opinions of local restaurants.
  • Details of upcoming community protests.
  • Personal information of political figures.

During the ranking phase of a priority-setting process, what is a typical action participants may be asked to do?

<p>Rank identified needs with numerical scores. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to validate the identified priorities?

<p>To confirm the needs that need to be addressed. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the text suggest should be an important focus for public officials, school principals, police, and the health department?

<p>Identifying issues of concern. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is an example of an established criteria during the priority setting phase?

<p>Historical trends (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should understanding and interpreting the data help the team do?

<p>Identify preliminary priorities. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the 'locus' element of community?

<p>The physical location or boundaries of a community. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of 'sharing', as it relates to community?

<p>Individuals holding common religious beliefs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'joint action' primarily contribute to within a community?

<p>Creating a sense of community cohesion and identity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'diversity' encompass within the context of a community?

<p>Differences in interpersonal interactions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a community health needs assessment?

<p>To identify and analyze community health needs and assets. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following BEST defines a community according to the provided definitions?

<p>A collection of individuals who share common attitudes, interests, or goals, residing in a specific locality or with shared characteristics. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT identified as a 'community benefit'?

<p>Reducing the responsibilities of other community organizations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of a diverse community?

<p>A wide range of resources derived from residents' varied life experiences and talents. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the 'guiding principles', what priority is given to those living in poverty?

<p>They have a moral priority for services. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by the idea that a community is 'networking'?

<p>There are interactions among members through various social relationships. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a responsibility of not-for-profit health care organizations according to the guiding principles?

<p>Working towards improving community health. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a characteristic of a community with formal structures?

<p>They can adopt charters for governance. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the concept of 'asset-based community development' refer to?

<p>Focusing on the mapping and use of internal skills, knowledge, and talents within a community. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential outcome of a community's social networks?

<p>Emotional and physical support, as well as access to resources through connections. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'divisiveness' primarily refer to within the context of community fragmentation?

<p>A lack of unity, with a focus on individualism and self-interest. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the information, what is a primary motivator for joining a community focused on public service?

<p>The inclination towards advocating for educational quality and community service. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following BEST illustrates the concept of a community?

<p>People who rally together for a common goal. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Health care facilities should aim to do what in their community benefit programs?

<p>Involve community members, organizations, and agencies actively. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What crucial factor is needed for successful community benefit programs, outlined in the text?

<p>Strong leadership commitment from health care organizations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial step in the outlined 'PROCESS OF COMMUNITY HEALTH DEVELOPMENT'?

<p>Planning and preparing for the assessment. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the planning phase of a community health needs assessment, what action is specifically emphasized?

<p>Involving community members from the beginning of the process. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should health care organizations be prepared to demonstrate regarding their community service efforts?

<p>The value of their community benefit programs to the community at large. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately reflects a primary function of local public health laboratories (PHLs)?

<p>Offering on-site testing for diseases like TB and STIs and reporting results directly to programs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the process of community health development, what type of data should be identified to describe the health and needs of the community?

<p>Indicators, demographics, and socioeconomic status. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the National Reference Laboratory System (NRLS) within the public health infrastructure?

<p>Contributing confirmatory testing within a statewide network and supporting local PHLs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Regarding resource availability within a community health assessment, which of the following is a primary area to consider?

<p>Its geographic area, priority populations, and range of issues. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which activity is most likely performed by local PHLs to support disease control programs?

<p>Providing expedited results for diseases of interest such as TB, dengue, and HIV. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the central role of the National Institute of Health (NIH), UP-Manila in the national health system?

<p>Enhancing the country’s health research and development capabilities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the relationship between local PHLs and state health departments and laboratories primarily affect local services?

<p>Determines the scope and accessibility of services according to community needs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary function of medical technologists in public health, as highlighted in the context?

<p>Providing surge capacity for emergency response through select agent testing. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a stated purpose of medical technologists in public health?

<p>To administer direct patient care. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is identified as a significant challenge facing local public health laboratories?

<p>Expanding expertise and scope testing requiring state-of-the-art facilities. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which area of laboratory technology is specifically mentioned as requiring advanced facilities and security?

<p>Molecular testing and select agent testing. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Besides testing and analysis, what is another responsibility of medical technologists in public health?

<p>Technical training to develop expertise in molecular and other testing. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical area where public health laboratorians collaborate with other professionals?

<p>Investigating and controlling infectious diseases and outbreaks. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a critical issue related to the public health workforce that requires attention?

<p>Aging workforce and difficulty in recruiting and replacing qualified leadership. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of public health, resources such as instrumentation can be addressed through which strategic methods?

<p>Regionalization, specialization, sharing, or shifting of resources, such as instrumentation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Flashcards

Locus of a Community

A specific geographical area where people live, work, or interact, often with shared characteristics or interests.

Sharing in a Community

Common values, beliefs, interests, and experiences that bind people together.

Joint Action in a Community

Collective actions, collaborations, and initiatives that strengthen community bonds.

Diversity in a Community

The presence of diverse groups, perspectives, and backgrounds within a community.

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Divisiveness in a Community

Factors that can divide or cause conflict within a community, such as different values, beliefs, or interests.

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Community Health Needs Assessment

A process of gathering information and expertise about a community's health needs, assets, and challenges.

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Community Benefit

The benefits that a community health program or intervention provides to the overall population.

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Guiding Principles for Community Health Development

Guiding principles that emphasize prioritization of vulnerable populations and a commitment to improving overall community health.

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On-Site Testing

Local public health laboratories provide on-site testing for diseases like TB and STIs. These tests support screening and prevention programs.

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Rapid Result Reporting

Local public health laboratories play a vital role in reporting test results directly to public health programs, enabling swift action to control diseases.

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National Reference Laboratories (NRLs)

National Reference Laboratories (NRLs) are part of a nationwide network that ensures highly accurate testing results. They serve as confirming labs for smaller labs.

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NIH and UP-Manila Collaboration

The National Institute of Health (NIH) and the University of the Philippines Manila (UP-Manila) collaborate to enhance research capabilities, aiming to improve health outcomes for Filipinos.

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Research and Development

The National Reference Laboratory System promotes research by creating study groups and disseminating research findings to ensure wider application and benefits.

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Divisiveness

A lack of unity or shared goals within a community, often due to an emphasis on individual interests.

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Community Benefit Programs

Activities that benefit the wider community, often undertaken by healthcare organizations.

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Involving the Community

Healthcare providers should actively involve community members in planning and running community benefit programs.

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Demonstrating Value

Healthcare organizations must show that their community benefit programs are valuable and make a difference.

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Integrated Programs

Community benefit programs should fit seamlessly into the overall operations of a healthcare organization.

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Leadership Commitment

Strong leadership is crucial for successful community benefit programs.

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Health Needs Assessment

The first step in developing community benefit programs is to understand the health needs of the community.

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Identifying Issues of Concern

Identifying crucial concerns that affect the public's well-being, ranging from school administrators to health officials.

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Identifying Existing Resources

Gathering input from various stakeholders like local organizations and community leaders to understand existing efforts and resources.

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Establishing a Priority Setting Team

Engaging a team of relevant individuals, including public health officials and service providers, to analyze data and pinpoint initial priorities.

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Defining Priority Setting Criteria

Defining criteria for ranking priorities, considering factors like the severity of the issue, its impact on the community, available resources, and feasibility of change.

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Validating Priorities

Validating the identified need to ensure it aligns with the most pressing community concerns.

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Ranking Priorities

Assigning numerical scores to ranked needs based on the established criteria.

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Data Interpretation

Understanding and interpreting collected data to draw meaningful insights and inform priority setting.

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Role of medical technologists in Public Health

Medical technologists play a crucial role in public health by contributing to rapid testing during emergencies, improving turnaround times, and ensuring access to advanced equipment like GenExpert and PCR machines. They also receive technical training to enhance their expertise in various public health-related testing methods like molecular diagnostics.

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Public Health Perspective of Medical Technologists

To safeguard the health of citizens, medical technologists help protect the nation by offering their expertise to tackle public health challenges like infectious disease outbreaks, monitoring environmental health, and preventing disease in vulnerable groups.

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Challenges of Public Health Laboratories in the Philippines

Challenges faced by Public Health labs include limited resources, expanding the scope of testing to incorporate advanced techniques (molecular testing), maintaining the security of sensitive tests, ensuring lab infrastructure, bio-safety, and bio-security, managing data, and addressing the need for qualified personnel.

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Low Resource Setting

Public Health laboratories in the Philippines often face challenges related to limited resources, especially in rural areas.

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Expanding Expertise and Scope

Public Health laboratories are expanding their testing capabilities to include advanced techniques like molecular diagnostics, but this requires specialized equipment and expertise.

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Biosafety and Biosecurity Requirements

Public Health laboratories must maintain strict bio-safety and bio-security measures to ensure the safety of personnel and the integrity of tests.

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Importance of IT in Public Health Labs

Specialized software and hardware are crucial for managing laboratory information and data, including patient information, test results, and quality control.

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Collaboration of Public Health Lab Professionals

Collaborating with other healthcare professionals, like those involved in disease control and prevention, enhances the effectiveness of public health initiatives and ultimately contributes to a healthier population.

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What is a community?

A group of people living in the same place, sharing common characteristics, or having a particular interest.

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What is community spirit?

A feeling of belonging and connection among people who share similar values, goals, and interests.

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What is asset-based community development?

Recognizing and utilizing the strengths, skills, and resources of community members to address local issues and needs.

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What is community networking?

The connections and relationships individuals form within a community.

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What are forms of community association?

Formal structures, like organizations, that govern or organize a community.

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What is diversity in a community?

The unique mix of backgrounds, experiences, and talents within a community.

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What is community health development?

The process of finding and building on the strengths within a community to improve its well-being.

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What are the benefits of community networking?

Interactions that connect individuals within a community, providing support and resources.

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Study Notes

Community Health

  • A community is a group of people living in the same place or sharing a common characteristic. It can be defined as a fellowship, a social group, or a collection of people with common interests, goals, and backgrounds.
  • Communities are structured by relationships, governed by norms, reciprocity, shared values, inclusiveness, and mutual respect.
  • Communities have formally recognized institutions like schools and churches that govern social behaviours.
  • Communities are diverse and draw on the skills and capacities of their residents for collective benefit and goal achievement.
  • Communities network, relying on friends, family, coworkers, and other social contacts for emotional and physical support and access to resources.
  • Communities possess multiple forms of capital, including natural (environment), human (knowledge, experience), built (infrastructure), and economic capital (wealth), affecting projects and service provisions.

Definition of Community in Public Health

  • Communities are diverse and perceived differently by individuals with various backgrounds.
  • Defining elements include a sense of place or locale (locus), shared perspectives and interests, collective action, diversity, and avoiding divisiveness (overemphasis on individualism).
  • Communities engage in joint action, which often creates strong bonds and unity.

Process of Community Health Development: Health Needs Assessment

  • Step 1: Plan assessment, engage community members and organizations.
  • Step 2: Define the purpose and scope of assessment using single organization or multiple organization models.
  • Step 3: Identify data related to community health and needs (e.g., demographics, socioeconomic status, health status, risk factors, health behaviours).
  • Step 4: Understand and interpret the data, identify community health problems.
  • Step 5: Prioritize and select health needs, determining the weights and importance of each (i.e., magnitude, severity, historical trends, community impact, feasibility of interventions.)
  • Step 6: Document and communicate findings- communicate results to the community using clear and accessible formats (reports, tables, graphs).

Role of Medical Technologists in Public Health

  • Medical technologists play a crucial supportive role in various public health functions and activities.
  • Their role is critical for identifying and addressing infectious diseases and outbreaks, ensuring preparedness for health emergencies, and performing analyses supporting disease monitoring.

Modernizing Medical Technologists as Part of the Public Health Workforce

  • Modernized medical technologists can be critical public health workers.
  • Integration and support of diverse staff from various backgrounds (including those with non-tertiary education), promoting their proficiency, and fostering partnerships between public health and community-based organizations can be effective methods.
  • Identifying and addressing the needs of marginalized communities, such as those with limited access to resources, could be a solution to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Community Health Workers

  • Community Health Workers (CHWs) are people in communities that provide health services in place of professionals in other healthcare settings.
  • They are vital to healthcare in developing countries.
  • CHWs provide care in various settings and fulfil varying roles including home visits, disease prevention, environmental sanitation, and healthcare education.
  • CHW governance is focused on establishing relationships and accountability to formal health services to ensure a smooth process in coordinating healthcare.
  • Incentives and disincentives are both crucial factors in retaining CHWs. Incentives encourage them to continue their work. Disincentives should be minimized to avoid decreasing morale and retention.

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Description

This quiz explores the concept of community health, defining what constitutes a community and the various factors that shape it. Learn about the relationships, norms, and forms of capital that characterize communities and influence social behavior and support systems. Ideal for understanding collective efforts in community development.

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