Community Health Nursing Quiz

Community Health Nursing

• Community health nursing is a specialized field focusing on health promotion and disease prevention for individuals, families, and communities.
• Community health nurses work with the entire community, not just individuals with specific diagnoses.
• The major goal of community health nursing is to preserve the health of the entire community by focusing on health promotion and maintenance for all individuals, families, and groups within the community.
• Community health nursing actively involves clients, families, and communities in their care plans.
• The nurse must fully understand the goals and polices of the agencies represented within the community.
• The family is considered the unit of service in community health nursing.
• Community health nursing promotes health teaching and comprehensive planning.

Learning Objectives

• Explain the concept, theories, and principles of community health nursing.
• Cite the distinguishing features of community health nursing.
• Apply various theoretical models and approaches to community health nursing practices.
• Compare different fields of community health nursing practice.
• Define key concepts of community.
• Enumerate and describe the characteristics of different types of communities (including healthy communities and their components).
• Identify factors affecting community health.
• Demonstrate understanding of the roles and activities of a community health nurse.

Community

• A community is a group of people living in the same place or sharing a common characteristic.
• Communities interact with each other and share common characteristics, interests, and values.

Types of Community

• Geopolitical Community: Defined by geographical boundaries like villages, cities, regions, and nations.
• Phenomenological Community: Defined by shared experiences, perceptions, and/ or understanding that shapes the sense of identity, belonging, for example, people who share a similar life experience such as cancer survivors or people with a shared religious or cultural practice.

Functions of a Community

• Provides space for housing and shelter.
• Provides means and facilities for livelihood.
• Creates opportunities for employment.
• Cares for socialization and education.
• Provides safety and security through norms and laws.
• Supports community participation and communication.

Elements of Community

• Sense of membership
• Common symbol system
• Common values
• Common needs
• Reciprocal influences
• Shared history

Healthy Community Characteristics

• High awareness of being a community
• Use and conservation of resources
• Participation of subgroups
• Preparedness for crises
• Effective problem-solving mechanisms
• Open communication channels
• Resources accessible to all members
• Effective dispute resolution
• Maximum citizen participation
• Promotes high level of wellness for all

Features of Communities

• Location: Community boundaries regulate energy exchange between the community and its external environment. Examples include geographical, political, and situational boundaries.
• Social System: Refers to the relationships between community members, including interactions, roles, goal achievement, and support. This includes components like economy, education, recreation, legal systems, and healthcare.

Community as a Social Unit

• A community comprises various interwoven systems, including housing, banking, cooperatives, voluntary organizations, communication, and cultural practices.

Population, Families, Culture & Community

• Communities consist of individuals, families, and cultural groups.
• Demographics are essential characteristics of a community's population.
• Strong family structures contribute to strong communities.

Principles & Characteristics of Community & Public Health Nursing

• Developmental
• Multidisciplinary
• Ecology oriented
• Promotes social justice
• Values consumer involvement
• Uses prepayment mechanisms
• Focuses on preventive services

Community Health Nursing

• A synthesis of nursing practice and public health.
• Focused on promoting and preserving the health of populations.
• General and comprehensive, not limited to age or diagnosis.
• Continuous, not episodic, focusing on the population as a whole.

Dr. Charles-Edward Amory Winslow

• Considered the "Father of Public Health"
• Defined public health as the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health and efficiency through organized community effort.

C.E.A Winslow Concept of Community Health

• Covers various aspects like community participation, environmental sanitation, controlling of diseases, and education and proper housing.

Community Health Nursing - Maglaya, et al

• Utilization of the nursing process across various clientele levels (individuals, families, population groups, communities).
• Addresses health promotion, disease prevention, disability management, and rehabilitation.

Objective of Community Health

• Comprehensive services
• Promotion and protection of health
• Early disease diagnosis and management
• Control of disability and rehabilitation

Primary Level Prevention

• Safe drinking water
• Waste disposal
• General cleanliness
• Immunization for children
• Traffic control
• Good nutrition
• Health check-ups
• Early diagnosis
• Health education

Community Development (CHD)

• Organized community effort to improve community life.
• Empowerment of community members for making effective health decisions.
• Involves community leaders, health workers, and community members.

Mission of CHD

• Cooperation
• Self-help
• Voluntary participation

Philosophy and Principles of Community Health

• Health as a fundamental human right for communities.
• Worth and dignity of individuals regardless of background.
• Responsibility for health rests primarily on the people.
• Need for self-reliance and independence.
• Shared responsibility for improving community health.
• Social justice principles guide community-based practice.

Principles of Community and Public Health Nursing

• Recognition of community, family, and individual needs.
• Understanding agency objectives and policies.
• Consideration of the family as the unit of service.
• Community health nursing care available to all.
• Primary role of health education.
• Collaborative role within the healthcare team.
• Provision for ongoing evaluation of services.
• Support for continuing education opportunities.
• Application of community resources.
• Accurate recording and reporting.

Theoretical Models/Approaches

• Health Belief Model (HBM): Developed in 1958, this conceptual framework helps explain and guide health promotion interventions.
• HBM's key concepts include perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, and barriers of actions, and motivation.
• Interventions based on HBM are specifically used for health programs and patient care procedures.

Milio's Framework for Prevention

• Focuses on socio-environmental factors affecting individual health choices, not just individual behavior.
• Emphasizes community and population-level interventions to establish resources to improve community health and address structural barriers, and health deficits.
• Prevention more effective at the population level.

Level of Prevention Model

• The model from Leavell and Clark suggests a continuum of health and disease states.
• It outlines three levels of application of preventions: Primary, secondary, and tertiary.

Health Promotion Model (HPM)

• A model by Nola Pender, it defines health as a positive state, not just the absence of disease.
• It focuses on increasing client well-being and health promoting behaviors.
• It recognizes personal and environmental factors.

Precede-Proceed Model

• A comprehensive framework for planning and evaluating health promotion and public health programs.

Phases of PRECEDE

• Social Assessment, Epidemiological Assessment, Ecological Assessment, Educational and Ecological Assessment, Administrative and Policy Assessment.

Community-Based Nursing

• Focus on individuals, families, and groups in their community settings.

Occupational Health Nursing

• Focuses on helping workers cope with stress, potential stress, and workplace issues.

Community Mental Health Nursing

• Holistic care and support for those with mental health issues in the community.

Components of a Community (Key)

• People
• Place
• Shared interests/goals
• Social interaction
• Social structure
• Culture
• Resources and infrastructure
• Leadership
• Networks
• Values and norms

Test your knowledge on community health nursing with this quiz. It covers various aspects such as the distinctions between geopolitical and phenomenological communities, factors affecting community health, and roles of community health nurses. Dive into essential characteristics and evaluation methods in community health.