Community Health Nursing Process
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Questions and Answers

What is the first step in understanding a community's health status according to community health nursing?

  • Engaging key informants
  • Conducting surveys
  • Implementing health interventions
  • Assessing community characteristics (correct)
  • Which method is NOT considered a primary data collection tool in community health assessment?

  • Observation
  • Field experiment (correct)
  • Informant interview
  • Survey
  • What type of observation involves sharing in the life of the community?

  • Systematic observation
  • Ocular survey
  • Informational observation
  • Participant observation (correct)
  • What is the primary purpose of conducting surveys in community health assessments?

    <p>To determine community attitudes and health-related behaviors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which participant category is considered a key informant in informant interviews?

    <p>Community leaders and influential persons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is purposive sampling most indicated in community health assessments?

    <p>During problem-oriented assessments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant benefit of involving community members during surveys?

    <p>Enhances community awareness of problems and solutions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect is NOT typically observed during a community observation?

    <p>Individual health histories (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the Monthly Summary of Morbidity/Diseases?

    <p>To give information on the monthly trend of diseases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who prepares the Monthly Consolidation Table (MCT)?

    <p>The Nurse (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Morbidity Report (M2) include?

    <p>A list of all cases of disease by age and sex (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which form is prepared annually by the Nurse and contains demographic and environmental data?

    <p>Annual Form 1 (A-1) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Quarterly Form (Q1) report include?

    <p>Three-month total of indicators across multiple health areas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the Public Health System play in the census process?

    <p>Execute a national census every 10 years (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following reports is specifically prepared by the midwife?

    <p>Program Report (M1) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of data is collected through the Disease Registries?

    <p>Registry of specific diseases like HIV/AIDS and chronic conditions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one primary purpose of presenting community data?

    <p>To inform the health team and community members of existing health problems (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a method used to present community data?

    <p>Complex machine learning algorithms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of graph is best suited to illustrate trends in data over time?

    <p>Line graph (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A pie chart is most effective for displaying data with:

    <p>Percentage distributions of a small number of categories (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect do scatter plots primarily illustrate?

    <p>Correlation between two variables (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which graph type is useful for comparing values across different categories of data?

    <p>Bar graph (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to validate findings when presenting community data?

    <p>To support trustworthy decision-making (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a limit of pie charts in presenting data?

    <p>They require direct numerical values (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the Health Records and Reports system?

    <p>To provide a basis for health planning and decision-making (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the Field Health Service Information System (FHSIS)?

    <p>Census Data (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Target Client List (TCL) serve to facilitate?

    <p>Patient care and service delivery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group typically participates in a Focus Group Discussion (FGD)?

    <p>First-time mothers with similar experiences (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of data is collected in the Registry of Vital Events?

    <p>Records of births, marriages, and deaths (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Summary Table in health records?

    <p>To provide a ready source of reports on accomplishments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is maintained in Rural Health Units (RHUs)?

    <p>Target Client List for various health services (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the Field Health Service Information System (FHSIS)?

    <p>To facilitate the reporting of health statistics and program evaluations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Community Health Assessment

    A process of gathering information about a community's health needs and characteristics to plan and deliver effective healthcare services.

    Community Characteristics

    Factors influencing the health of a community, both directly and indirectly.

    Primary Data Collection (Observation)

    Gathering information by directly observing a community's environment, people, and activities.

    Windshield Survey

    A way to observe a community by driving or walking around and assessing the physical environment and people.

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    Survey

    Gathering data about community attitudes, health behaviors, and perceptions of health services, using a series of questions to a sample.

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    Informant Interview

    Gathering information from key community members. Key informants are influential people in the community.

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    Key Informants

    Important community members like leaders or influential people. They can provide insights about the community.

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    Focal Group Discussion

    A discussion among a selected group to collect community perspectives.

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    Focus Group Discussion (FGD)

    A small group (6-12 people) with similar characteristics (socio-cultural or health) discussing issues.

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    Registry of Vital Events

    A list of births, marriages, and deaths, maintained by organizations like NSO/PSA & Local Civil Registrars.

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    Health Records & Reports (FHSIS)

    Official health records and reports, used to track health status, guide decision-making, and monitor health programs at different levels (e.g., barangay, national).

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    Individual Treatment Record (ITR)

    A record containing patient details, symptoms, diagnoses, and treatment information.

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    Target Client List (TCL)

    A list of people eligible for a specific health service (e.g., prenatal care, family planning), used to monitor and track service delivery.

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    Field Health Service Information System (FHSIS)

    Official health data recording & reporting system maintained by the Department of Health (DOH).

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    Summary Table

    A table used by midwives to summarize health program achievements monthly, quarterly, or annually.

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    Health Program Accomplishment

    Component of Summary Table, assessing accomplishments and providing a ready source of reports from health programs.

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    Monthly Morbidity Summary

    A report that summarizes monthly disease trends in a municipality, highlighting the top 10 leading causes of morbidity and their sources.

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    Monthly Consolidation Table (MCT)

    A table created by a nurse based on the Monthly Morbidity Summary. It consolidates disease data for reporting at the quarterly level.

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    Program Report (M1)

    A monthly report prepared by a midwife that provides indicators on maternal care, child care, family planning, and disease control.

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    Morbidity Report (M2)

    A monthly report prepared by a midwife that lists all disease cases by age and sex.

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    Annual Form 1 (A-1)

    An annual report prepared by a nurse that details the health status of a municipality, including demographic and environmental data, as well as natality and mortality information.

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    Philippine Renal Disease Registry

    A registry managed by the National Kidney and Transplant Institute (NKTI) that tracks cases of renal diseases in the Philippines.

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    Census Data

    Data gathered through a periodic governmental enumeration of the population, providing information on demographics, housing, and other related factors.

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    Philippine Statistical System (PSS)

    A government system that provides statistical information and services to the public, covering a broad range of data like population, employment, and income

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    Presenting Community Data

    Sharing health information with the community using easily understood formats like texts, tables, graphs, and maps.

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    Purpose of Data Presentation

    To inform health teams and community members about existing health issues, promote participation in health initiatives, validate findings, and improve decision-making.

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    Maps for Community Data

    Used to visually present similarities or differences in health issues across geographic locations within a community.

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    Graphs for Community Data

    Used to present numerical data in clear and engaging ways to understand trends, comparisons, and distributions.

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    Bar Graph

    Used to compare values of different categories within data. Example: showing male vs female population by age.

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    Line Graph

    Used to visualise trends in data over time. Example: showing changes in fertility rate over several years.

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    Pie Chart

    Used to represent a percentage distribution or composition of a variable, showing each part in relation to the whole.

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    Scatter Plot

    Used to show correlation between two variables by plotting the values on a graph with X and Y axes. Example: showing the relationship between BMI and waist circumference.

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    Study Notes

    Community Health Nursing Process

    • Community health nursing involves understanding community characteristics to assess health needs.
    • Community health nurses (CHNs) need to know defining characteristics of the community to have a clear picture.
    • CHNs need to understand aspects influencing community health status.
    • Community characteristics guide program planning and health care delivery.

    Community Health Assessment Tools

    Collecting Primary Data

    • Observation (Windshield Survey): Observe people (vulnerable groups), environmental conditions, and community resources.

    • Examples of observation: terrain, housing density, cleanliness, vegetation, street animals, health facilities, other community subsystems.

    • Participant Observation: Observe formal and informal community activities to understand values, beliefs, norms, priorities, and power structures.

    • Formal Examples: Community assemblies, schools, church meetings

    • Informal Examples: Community gatherings, sari-sari stores, water wells, plazas, recreational facilities

    • Survey: Systematic collection of information, using written or oral questions for families, individuals, or communities.

    • Surveys are ideal for comprehensive problem assessments.

    • Purposive sampling: Useful for assessing specific populations susceptible to a particular problem.

    • Surveys help determine community attitudes, knowledge, health behaviors, and perceptions of health services.

    • Surveys make community members aware of their problems.

    • Informant Interview: Purposeful talks with key informants (formal and informal) or community leaders.

    • Community Forum: Open meeting for members of the community (e.g., barangay meetings).

    • Focus Group Discussion (FGD): Small group of 6-12 participants with similar characteristics (e.g., first-time mothers).

    Collecting Secondary Data

    • Registry of Vital Events: Records of births, marriages, and deaths (NSO/PSA).
    • Local Civil Registrar: Records of births, marriages, and deaths, at the local level.
    • Health Records and Reports: Information System of DOH (FHSIS) used to generate health statistics.
    • Health Status: Health records are crucial for assessing health status at various levels (barangay to national). It is the basis for priority setting and planning.
    • Disease Registries: DOH registries for communicable and chronic diseases (e.g., HIV/AIDS, COPD).
    • Census Data: Periodic population enumerations conducted by the government (Batas Pambansa Blg. 12).
    • Philippine Statistical System (PSS): Provides statistical information and services to the public. This includes population, employment, prices, family income & expenditures data and accessible through the NSO website

    FHSIS (Field Health Service Information System)

    • Components: Composed of recording and reporting tools. Facility-based records kept at Basic Health Stations or Rural Health Units; contain daily activities of health workers and services;

    • Record-based reports: Summaries are transmitted monthly, quarterly, or annually. From BHS to RHU to Provincial Health Office to Regional Health Office.

    • Manual of Operations: Lists recording tools (Individual Treatment Record (ITR), Target Client List (TCL))

    • TCLs (Target Client Lists): Maintained at health centers and RHU's including Prenatal Care, Postpartum Care, Under 1 year old children, Family Planning, Sick Children, Tuberculosis, and Leprosy data records.

    Presenting Community Data

    • Presentation Methods:

    • Data can be presented through texts, tables, pictorial formats (maps, graphs), and numerical data (tables, graphs, charts)

    • Goals:

    • To inform health teams and community members about health problems in a clear manner.

    • Educate community members about the importance of the health information.

    • Encourage broader support and participation in the community health process.

    • Provide a basis for better decision-making.

    • Graphs & Uses:

      • Bar Graph: For comparing values across different categories of data (e.g., population pyramid).
      • Line Graph: To show trends in data over time (e.g., total fertility rate).
      • Pie Chart: To show the percentage distribution of a variable (e.g., population).
      • Scatter Plot: To show correlation between two variables (e.g., BMI and waist circumference).
    • Summary Table: Recorded by midwives, with 12 columns corresponding to the 12 months. It includes Health Program Accomplishments, a tool for assessment and monitoring reports and monthly summary of Morbidity and Diseases including source of 10 leading causes for the municipality.

    • Monthly Consolidation Table (MCT): Prepared by Nurses to consolidate Summary Table data to create quarterly and annual reports.

    • Quarterly Reports:

      • Program Report (Q1): Contains 3-month data on indicators for maternal care, child care, family planning, and disease control.
      • Morbidity Report (Q2): 3-month consolidation of morbidity reports (M2).
    • Annual Reports:

      • Includes A-BHS, A-1 reports (completed by nurse, for RHU data on demographics, environmental data, natality and mortality).
      • Annual report (A-2, A-3) completed by nurses with morbidity and mortality by age and sex (e.g. deaths/mortality)

    Disease Registries

    • DOH registries for HIV/AIDS, chronic non-communicable diseases (e.g., cancer, diabetes, COPD), strokes; and the Renal Disease Control Program's Philippine Renal Disease Registry.

    Census Data

    • Periodic population enumeration conducted by the government (e.g., every 10 years).
    • Batas Pambansa Blg. 12 (1980) provides for a national census of population.
    • Based on the National Statistical System (PSS), population, employment, prices, and family income and expenditures data, can be found on NSO/PSA website.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the Community Health Nursing Process, emphasizing the importance of understanding community characteristics for assessing health needs. It covers various assessment tools, including observation techniques and community engagement methods for health program planning and delivery.

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