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Questions and Answers
What does the Health Belief Model primarily emphasize regarding health-related actions?
Which of the following is NOT part of the scope of community health nursing?
What is a crucial factor that allows individuals to take health-related actions according to the Health Belief Model?
How can influential people contribute in community health nursing?
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What common goal unites the efforts in community health nursing?
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Which service is aligned with community health nursing for supporting individual health?
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What aspect of evaluation is significant in community health nursing?
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What is a potential barrier to health-related actions as per the Health Belief Model?
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What is the first category involved in the PRECEDE-PROCEED model?
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Which of the following is NOT considered a quality of Community Health Nurses (CHN)?
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In the biomedical concept of health, how is health traditionally defined?
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Which skill is NOT listed under a Community Health Nurse's abilities?
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What does the ecological concept of health address?
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Which of the following is included in the evaluation category of the PRECEDE-PROCEED model?
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What role does the medical profession play according to the biomedical concept?
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Which assumption focuses on the individual's ability to change their own behaviors?
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Which of the following qualities emphasizes the ability to make informed decisions?
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What is the primary role of the school nurse in promoting health?
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The PRECEDE-PROCEED model is primarily used for what purpose?
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In community health nursing, what is a primary responsibility related to health education?
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What is one of the key components related to the interpersonal environment in health promotion?
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Assessing the needs of the community is essential for which aspect of community health nursing?
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What aspect of nursing practice is emphasized in the management of chronic disease?
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How do health professionals influence individual behaviors according to the assumptions outlined?
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What are the two closely related dimensions of human health as mentioned?
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Which method is NOT mentioned for collecting vital statistics?
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How can work contribute to overall health, according to the content?
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What does the ASFR stand for in the context of vital statistics?
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Which statistic is associated with the emotional dimension of health?
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Which of the following is a valid calculation for ASFR?
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What aspect does NOT generally contribute to enhanced self-esteem according to the vocational dimension?
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Which statement about the dimensions of health is accurate?
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What is the formula for calculating the incident rate?
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Which behavior is recommended to avoid for maintaining a positive mental attitude?
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Which of the following is not included in the calculation of the perinatal mortality rate?
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What should individuals prioritize to maintain social supports?
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How is the crude death rate calculated?
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Which of the following is an example of a high-risk behavior?
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What is an essential practice to ensure safety in behaviors?
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What practice is recommended for enhancing mental relaxation?
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Study Notes
Philosophy of Community Health Nursing
- Focuses on individuals' right to be healthy
- Encourages working together towards common goals
- Emphasizes the importance of social systems
- Includes follow up services and evaluation of services
- Highlights the need for influential people to support health activities
Concept of Community Health Nursing
- Encompasses a wide range of services, including home care, nursing homes, MCH, and family planning
- Emphasizes the role of nurses in assessing and treating within their scope of practice
- Focuses on communication with parents, referral to physicians, and provision of prescribed nursing care
Scope of Community Health Nursing
- Home Care: Providing care in the patient's home setting.
- Nursing Homes: Providing care for individuals who require long-term care, often for elderly or those with chronic conditions.
- MCH & Family Planning: Focusing on maternal and child health, including prenatal care, childbirth education, and family planning services.
Theoretical Models of Community Health Nursing
- Health Belief Model: This model emphasizes individual beliefs influencing health-related actions. It suggests that people are more likely to take action when they perceive a personal threat or risk, and when the benefits outweigh the perceived barriers.
- Lawrence Green's PRECEDE Model: Focuses on planning, implementation, and evaluation of health promotion programs. PRECEDE aims to identify desired outcomes and design programs to address identified health needs.
- PROCEED Model: This model focuses on implementing and evaluating health programs, ensuring that they align with the initial planning based on the PRECEDE model.
Responsibilities of Community Health Nurses
- In schools, nurses provide health education, conduct screenings, and make referrals for health services.
- In clinical and non-clinical settings, nurses deliver care in hospitals, clinics, schools, and churches.
- Community Involvement: Nurses educate communities about nutrition, hygiene, and disease prevention, and provide care in remote locations.
- Needs Assessment Nurses conduct needs assessments to identify the health issues facing specific populations.
- Community Mental Health Nurses Provide education and support for patients, families, caregivers, and team members regarding mental illness, physical health concerns, chronic disease management, wellness, relapse prevention, and medication management.
Qualities of a Community Health Nurse
- Educational qualification: Possessing a relevant nursing degree.
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Personal Qualities:
- Interest in community health
- Understanding of people's behavior
- Sincerity and empathy
- Friendliness and charitable nature
- Resourcefulness and cooperativeness
- Initiative and responsibility
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Skills:
- Observation
- Communication
- Interviewing
- Technical skills
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Abilities:
- Interpretation
- Judgement
- Decision-making
Concepts of Health
- Biomedical Concept: Views health as the absence of disease, focusing on the body as a machine that can be repaired.
- Ecological Concept: Recognizes that health is a complex concept influenced by multiple factors, including social, environmental, and individual factors.
Dimensions of Health
- Emotional dimension: Recognizing the importance of mental wellbeing, including cognition and feelings in managing health.
- Vocational dimension: Acknowledges the impact of work on overall health, considering a fulfilling job contributing to both physical and mental wellbeing.
Classification of Vital Statistics
- Mortality Statistics: Data on deaths, including causes and rates.
- Morbidity Statistics: Data on diseases and illnesses.
- Fertility Statistics: Data on births, including rates and trends.
- Population Statistics: Data on the size, growth, and composition of a population.
Methods of Collecting Vital Statistics
- Population Census method: Collecting data on the entire population, including demographics, health, and socioeconomic factors.
- Civil Registration Method: Recording vital events, such as births, deaths, and marriages, to maintain official records.
- Sample Registration System: Collecting data from a representative sample of the population to estimate vital statistics for the entire region.
- Model Registration System/Rural Survey of Causes of Death: Specifically designed for collecting data on causes of death in rural areas.
- Medical Certification of Causes of Death: Documentation from medical professionals providing information on the underlying cause of death.
- National Sample Survey: Collecting data from a representative sample of the population on various aspects, including health and wellbeing.
- Institutional Records/Hospital Records: Data collected by hospitals and other healthcare facilities on admissions, discharges, diagnoses, procedures, and other patient-related information.
Uses of Vital Statistics
- Identifying leading causes of morbidity and mortality
- Establishing patterns of disease outbreaks
- Assessing the effectiveness of public health programs
- Planning and allocating health resources
- Monitoring health trends and changes over time
ASFR (Age Specific Fertility Rate)
- Calculation: ASFR = (No. of births in a specific age group of women) / (No. of women in that age group) x 1000
Calculation of Incidence and Prevalence Rate
- Incidence Rate: Calculated as the number of new cases within a specified time period divided by the total population at risk, multiplied by 1000.
- Prevalence Rate: Calculated as the total number of existing cases within a specified time period divided by the total population, multiplied by 1000.
Mortality rates
- Crude Death Rate: The total number of deaths in a given year divided by the mid-year population, multiplied by 1000.
- Perinatal Mortality Rate: The number of stillbirths plus deaths under one week of age divided by the total number of live births plus stillbirths, multiplied by 1000.
High Risk Behaviors
- Sexual Behaviors: Abstinence, monogamy, seeking healthcare for any signs of sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
- Conflict Management: Acknowledge the likelihood of conflicts, but learn to address them directly and proactively.
- Tobacco and Drug Use: Avoid smoking and illegal drug use.
- Driving Safety: Never drink and drive or operate a vehicle under the influence of drugs. Always use seat belts and other safety equipment.
- Gun Safety: Take gun safety classes to promote safe handling and storage of firearms.
Alternative Health Practices
- Maintaining Physical Health: Participate in regular exercise, manage stress levels, and get enough sleep.
- Diet and Nutrition: Maintain a balanced diet, minimizing processed foods and sugary drinks. Focus on fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean protein.
- Smoking: Avoid smoking and second-hand smoke.
- Regular Medical Care: Schedule regular checkups for preventive care.
- Social Support: Develop and maintain strong social connections with family, friends, and community members.
- Healthy Screenings: Get recommended health screenings, such as mammograms, Pap smears, and colonoscopies.
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Description
This quiz covers the essential principles of community health nursing, including its philosophy, scope, and services offered. It emphasizes the roles of nurses, the importance of social systems, and the various healthcare services provided within community settings. Test your understanding of how community health nursing influences individual and collective health outcomes.