Community Health Nursing Overview

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Questions and Answers

What does the Health Belief Model primarily emphasize regarding health-related actions?

Beliefs about health impact actions when risks are perceived. (correct)

Immediate health outcomes are the only consideration in health actions.

Personal finances influence health decisions.

Health behaviors are solely determined by external influences.

Which of the following is NOT part of the scope of community health nursing?

Nursing homes

Hospice care (correct)

Home care

MCH and family planning

What is a crucial factor that allows individuals to take health-related actions according to the Health Belief Model?

Support from health professionals

Perceived benefits exceeding perceived barriers (correct)

Understanding medical jargon

Availability of community resources

How can influential people contribute in community health nursing?

By aiding in carrying out health activities. Signup and view all the answers

What common goal unites the efforts in community health nursing?

Promotion of individual health and well-being Signup and view all the answers

Which service is aligned with community health nursing for supporting individual health?

Home care Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of evaluation is significant in community health nursing?

Assessment of service efficiency and effectiveness Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential barrier to health-related actions as per the Health Belief Model?

Limited access to healthcare services Signup and view all the answers

What is the first category involved in the PRECEDE-PROCEED model?

Planning Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a quality of Community Health Nurses (CHN)?

Indifference Signup and view all the answers

In the biomedical concept of health, how is health traditionally defined?

As the absence of disease Signup and view all the answers

Which skill is NOT listed under a Community Health Nurse's abilities?

Conflict resolution Signup and view all the answers

What does the ecological concept of health address?

Deficiencies in the biomedical concept Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is included in the evaluation category of the PRECEDE-PROCEED model?

Assessing desired outcomes Signup and view all the answers

What role does the medical profession play according to the biomedical concept?

Repairer of the body-machine Signup and view all the answers

Which assumption focuses on the individual's ability to change their own behaviors?

Self-initiated change of individual and environmental characteristics. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following qualities emphasizes the ability to make informed decisions?

Judgment Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the school nurse in promoting health?

To provide health education and communicate health information. Signup and view all the answers

The PRECEDE-PROCEED model is primarily used for what purpose?

To assess, design, implement, and evaluate public health programs. Signup and view all the answers

In community health nursing, what is a primary responsibility related to health education?

Educating communities about nutrition and disease prevention. Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the key components related to the interpersonal environment in health promotion?

Collaboration between health professionals and individuals. Signup and view all the answers

Assessing the needs of the community is essential for which aspect of community health nursing?

Designing targeted health education programs. Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of nursing practice is emphasized in the management of chronic disease?

Offering long-term education and support. Signup and view all the answers

How do health professionals influence individual behaviors according to the assumptions outlined?

Through the effective communication within the interpersonal environment. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two closely related dimensions of human health as mentioned?

Mental and emotional health Signup and view all the answers

Which method is NOT mentioned for collecting vital statistics?

Institutional Research Method Signup and view all the answers

How can work contribute to overall health, according to the content?

By adapting to human goals and capacities Signup and view all the answers

What does the ASFR stand for in the context of vital statistics?

Age Specific Fertility Rate Signup and view all the answers

Which statistic is associated with the emotional dimension of health?

Morbidity Statistics Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a valid calculation for ASFR?

Number of births in specific age of women / Number of women in same age × 1000 Signup and view all the answers

What aspect does NOT generally contribute to enhanced self-esteem according to the vocational dimension?

Social interactions at work Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the dimensions of health is accurate?

Mental health and emotional health are regarded as two separate dimensions. Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for calculating the incident rate?

No. of new cases / Total population Signup and view all the answers

Which behavior is recommended to avoid for maintaining a positive mental attitude?

Smoking Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not included in the calculation of the perinatal mortality rate?

Total population Signup and view all the answers

What should individuals prioritize to maintain social supports?

Connecting with community organizations Signup and view all the answers

How is the crude death rate calculated?

Total no. of deaths / Total population Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a high-risk behavior?

Drinking and driving Signup and view all the answers

What is an essential practice to ensure safety in behaviors?

Using appropriate safety equipment Signup and view all the answers

What practice is recommended for enhancing mental relaxation?

Practicing relaxation techniques Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Philosophy of Community Health Nursing

Focuses on individuals' right to be healthy
Encourages working together towards common goals
Emphasizes the importance of social systems
Includes follow up services and evaluation of services
Highlights the need for influential people to support health activities

Concept of Community Health Nursing

Encompasses a wide range of services, including home care, nursing homes, MCH, and family planning
Emphasizes the role of nurses in assessing and treating within their scope of practice
Focuses on communication with parents, referral to physicians, and provision of prescribed nursing care

Scope of Community Health Nursing

Home Care: Providing care in the patient's home setting.
Nursing Homes: Providing care for individuals who require long-term care, often for elderly or those with chronic conditions.
MCH & Family Planning: Focusing on maternal and child health, including prenatal care, childbirth education, and family planning services.

Theoretical Models of Community Health Nursing

Health Belief Model: This model emphasizes individual beliefs influencing health-related actions. It suggests that people are more likely to take action when they perceive a personal threat or risk, and when the benefits outweigh the perceived barriers.
Lawrence Green's PRECEDE Model: Focuses on planning, implementation, and evaluation of health promotion programs. PRECEDE aims to identify desired outcomes and design programs to address identified health needs.
PROCEED Model: This model focuses on implementing and evaluating health programs, ensuring that they align with the initial planning based on the PRECEDE model.

Responsibilities of Community Health Nurses

In schools, nurses provide health education, conduct screenings, and make referrals for health services.
In clinical and non-clinical settings, nurses deliver care in hospitals, clinics, schools, and churches.
Community Involvement: Nurses educate communities about nutrition, hygiene, and disease prevention, and provide care in remote locations.
Needs Assessment Nurses conduct needs assessments to identify the health issues facing specific populations.
Community Mental Health Nurses Provide education and support for patients, families, caregivers, and team members regarding mental illness, physical health concerns, chronic disease management, wellness, relapse prevention, and medication management.

Qualities of a Community Health Nurse

Educational qualification: Possessing a relevant nursing degree.
Personal Qualities:
- Interest in community health
- Understanding of people's behavior
- Sincerity and empathy
- Friendliness and charitable nature
- Resourcefulness and cooperativeness
- Initiative and responsibility
Skills:
- Observation
- Communication
- Interviewing
- Technical skills
Abilities:
- Interpretation
- Judgement
- Decision-making

Concepts of Health

Biomedical Concept: Views health as the absence of disease, focusing on the body as a machine that can be repaired.
Ecological Concept: Recognizes that health is a complex concept influenced by multiple factors, including social, environmental, and individual factors.

Dimensions of Health

Emotional dimension: Recognizing the importance of mental wellbeing, including cognition and feelings in managing health.
Vocational dimension: Acknowledges the impact of work on overall health, considering a fulfilling job contributing to both physical and mental wellbeing.

Classification of Vital Statistics

Mortality Statistics: Data on deaths, including causes and rates.
Morbidity Statistics: Data on diseases and illnesses.
Fertility Statistics: Data on births, including rates and trends.
Population Statistics: Data on the size, growth, and composition of a population.

Methods of Collecting Vital Statistics

Population Census method: Collecting data on the entire population, including demographics, health, and socioeconomic factors.
Civil Registration Method: Recording vital events, such as births, deaths, and marriages, to maintain official records.
Sample Registration System: Collecting data from a representative sample of the population to estimate vital statistics for the entire region.
Model Registration System/Rural Survey of Causes of Death: Specifically designed for collecting data on causes of death in rural areas.
Medical Certification of Causes of Death: Documentation from medical professionals providing information on the underlying cause of death.
National Sample Survey: Collecting data from a representative sample of the population on various aspects, including health and wellbeing.
Institutional Records/Hospital Records: Data collected by hospitals and other healthcare facilities on admissions, discharges, diagnoses, procedures, and other patient-related information.

Uses of Vital Statistics

Identifying leading causes of morbidity and mortality
Establishing patterns of disease outbreaks
Assessing the effectiveness of public health programs
Planning and allocating health resources
Monitoring health trends and changes over time

ASFR (Age Specific Fertility Rate)

Calculation: ASFR = (No. of births in a specific age group of women) / (No. of women in that age group) x 1000

Calculation of Incidence and Prevalence Rate

Incidence Rate: Calculated as the number of new cases within a specified time period divided by the total population at risk, multiplied by 1000.
Prevalence Rate: Calculated as the total number of existing cases within a specified time period divided by the total population, multiplied by 1000.

Mortality rates

Crude Death Rate: The total number of deaths in a given year divided by the mid-year population, multiplied by 1000.
Perinatal Mortality Rate: The number of stillbirths plus deaths under one week of age divided by the total number of live births plus stillbirths, multiplied by 1000.

High Risk Behaviors

Sexual Behaviors: Abstinence, monogamy, seeking healthcare for any signs of sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
Conflict Management: Acknowledge the likelihood of conflicts, but learn to address them directly and proactively.
Tobacco and Drug Use: Avoid smoking and illegal drug use.
Driving Safety: Never drink and drive or operate a vehicle under the influence of drugs. Always use seat belts and other safety equipment.
Gun Safety: Take gun safety classes to promote safe handling and storage of firearms.

Alternative Health Practices

Maintaining Physical Health: Participate in regular exercise, manage stress levels, and get enough sleep.
Diet and Nutrition: Maintain a balanced diet, minimizing processed foods and sugary drinks. Focus on fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean protein.
Smoking: Avoid smoking and second-hand smoke.
Regular Medical Care: Schedule regular checkups for preventive care.
Social Support: Develop and maintain strong social connections with family, friends, and community members.
Healthy Screenings: Get recommended health screenings, such as mammograms, Pap smears, and colonoscopies.

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Description

This quiz covers the essential principles of community health nursing, including its philosophy, scope, and services offered. It emphasizes the roles of nurses, the importance of social systems, and the various healthcare services provided within community settings. Test your understanding of how community health nursing influences individual and collective health outcomes.