NURS 4530 Active Learning Guide Module 2

Podcast Beta

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of personal health literacy?

The ability to access and understand healthcare information (correct)

The effectiveness of healthcare policies

The availability of health services to the public

The ability of healthcare organizations to provide information

Which model is primarily used for guiding health education and promotion activities?

Pender’s Health Promotion Model

Social Cognitive Theory

Transtheoretical Model

Health Belief Model (correct)

What does organizational health literacy ensure for individuals?

Access to comprehensive health insurance coverage

Understanding of medical terminology

Capacity to synthesize and utilize health information (correct)

Ability to communicate effectively with providers

Which of the following best describes modifiable risk factors?

Lifestyle choices that can be changed Signup and view all the answers

What are the HP2030 overarching goals primarily aimed at?

Improving health outcomes for all populations Signup and view all the answers

In the context of health promotion, what is the purpose of screening recommendations?

To identify individuals at risk and address health needs Signup and view all the answers

How does Pender’s Health Promotion Model contribute to health promotion?

By examining biological, psychological, and social influences Signup and view all the answers

What is a key factor in the communication of risk to patients for health promotion?

The ability to tailor information to individual needs Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of current smokers express a desire to quit smoking?

70% Signup and view all the answers

At what age range do most people typically start smoking?

18-25 Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range for total cholesterol levels in the blood?

Less than 200 mg/dL Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended sleep duration for adults?

7-9 hours Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range for LDL cholesterol levels?

100-129 mg/dL Signup and view all the answers

Which age group should receive a fasting lipid profile test according to population-based screening recommendations?

Adults only Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT part of a standard lipid panel?

Blood Pressure Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of high school-aged smokers have attempted to quit at least once?

50% Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal HDL cholesterol range for women?

50 mg/dL or higher Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the normal range for triglycerides in the blood?

Less than 150 mg/dL Signup and view all the answers

What does perceived susceptibility refer to in the Health Belief Model?

One's belief regarding the chance of getting a given condition Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes perceived severity in the Health Belief Model?

One's belief regarding the seriousness of a given condition Signup and view all the answers

What is self-efficacy as defined in the Health Belief Model?

One's confidence in one's ability to take action to reduce health risks Signup and view all the answers

In the Transtheoretical Model, what does the precontemplation stage indicate?

The individual has no intention to take action in the next 6 months Signup and view all the answers

What does the concept of cues to action involve?

Environmental strategies that promote readiness to take action Signup and view all the answers

Why might individuals resist making behavior changes according to the Transtheoretical Model?

Changes can involve unpleasant, painful, or social challenges Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of perceived benefits in the Health Belief Model?

Belief in the ability of an action to reduce health risks Signup and view all the answers

What element relates to the tangible and psychological costs of an advised action?

Perceived barriers Signup and view all the answers

Which statement BEST describes the decisional balance construct in the Stages of Change?

The assessment of pros and cons related to behavior change Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of the Transtheoretical Model involves actively planning and preparing for behavior change?

Preparation Signup and view all the answers

What is a key benefit of early screening for colon cancer?

It can identify precancerous polyps before cancer develops. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a source of monounsaturated fats?

Olive oil Signup and view all the answers

What type of carbohydrates is known to cause rapid spikes in blood sugar levels?

Simple carbohydrates Signup and view all the answers

To lower low-density lipids (LDL), which dietary change should be made?

Increase fiber consumption. Signup and view all the answers

Which method can be used to effectively communicate screening guidelines to the public?

Electronic Health Records reminders. Signup and view all the answers

Which lifestyle factor is least associated with the accumulation of plaque in the arteries?

Regular exercise Signup and view all the answers

What does a high-sensitivity C-reactive protein test specifically measure?

Levels of hs-CRP Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following strategies is least likely to lower chronic inflammation levels?

Increased saturated fat intake Signup and view all the answers

What is the systolic blood pressure range for Stage 2 hypertension?

140 mm Hg or higher Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario should adults start routine blood pressure checks according to guidelines?

At age 18 Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended action to manage blood pressure according to the information provided?

DASH diet Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of inflammation in coronary artery disease (CAD)?

It contributes to dysfunction of endothelial cells. Signup and view all the answers

What is considered a normal fasting blood glucose range?

80-130 mg/dL Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a recommended method to lower blood pressure?

Increase trans fat intake Signup and view all the answers

Which of these factors can contribute to chronic inflammation?

Stress Signup and view all the answers

Which lifestyle change is most effective for improving High Density Lipids?

Incorporating aerobic exercise into daily routine Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in the development of coronary artery disease?

Endothelial damage Signup and view all the answers

Which dietary change can help reduce Low Density Lipids?

Reducing saturated and trans fats Signup and view all the answers

What role does smoking cessation play in managing cardiovascular health?

It helps improve High Density Lipids and reduces cardiovascular risk Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a fatty streak in the arteries?

Accumulation of Low Density Lipids and macrophages Signup and view all the answers

How can weight management impact lipid levels?

Reducing excess weight can lower total cholesterol and improve High Density Lipids Signup and view all the answers

Which factor primarily leads to the inflammation necessary for atherosclerosis development?

Endothelial damage from various risk factors Signup and view all the answers

What is a common consequence of plaque rupture in the arteries?

Formation of a blood clot leading to a heart attack Signup and view all the answers

What does perceived barriers refer to in the Health Belief Model?

One's belief regarding the tangible and psychological costs of an advised action Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the Transtheoretical Model, which stage involves no intention to change behavior in the next 6 months?

Precontemplation Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of the Transtheoretical Model describes strategies or conditions that activate readiness to take action?

Cues to action Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes perceived severity in the Health Belief Model?

One's belief regarding the seriousness of a condition Signup and view all the answers

What does self-efficacy in the Health Belief Model refer to?

Belief in one's ability to take appropriate health actions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a common reason for resisting behavior change, according to the Transtheoretical Model?

Fear of the social consequences of change Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the decisional balance construct in the Stages of Change?

Evaluating the pros and cons of changing behavior Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the Health Belief Model relates to the belief in the ability of an advised action to reduce risk?

Perceived benefits Signup and view all the answers

What does perceived susceptibility indicate within the Health Belief Model?

The chances of developing a specific health condition Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a tangible barrier to taking health action?

Cost of medication Signup and view all the answers

What is the main benefit of early screening for colon cancer?

It can identify precancerous polyps before they develop. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following sources is high in monounsaturated fats?

Olive oil Signup and view all the answers

What type of carbohydrate is associated with rapid spikes in blood sugar?

Simple carbohydrates Signup and view all the answers

Which dietary change is recommended to help lower low-density lipids (LDL)?

Increase unsaturated fat intake. Signup and view all the answers

Which method is least effective for communicating screening information to the public?

Ignoring patient education during visits. Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a non-modifiable risk factor for heart disease?

Genetic predisposition Signup and view all the answers

What is the leading cause of preventable death in the United States?

Smoking Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors most significantly contributes to the higher smoking rates among adults?

Living below the poverty level Signup and view all the answers

What area in the United States generally has the lowest smoking rates?

Western Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the impact of smoking on lung cancer?

About 90% of lung cancers in men and 80% in women are attributable to smoking. Signup and view all the answers

What is the economic impact of smoking in the U.S.?

Costing approximately $170 billion annually Signup and view all the answers

How did public understanding of health risks change during the early phase of the COVID pandemic?

Conflicting information about mask usage created confusion. Signup and view all the answers

How many Americans are currently living with a disease caused by smoking?

Over 16 million Signup and view all the answers

What proactive process allows individuals to address threats to their health?

Risk reduction Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is most likely to influence risk communication?

Public's understanding of health risks Signup and view all the answers

What does hemoglobin A1c primarily measure?

The percentage of glucose attached to hemoglobin over a span of three months Signup and view all the answers

What is the A1c range that indicates pre-diabetes?

5.7% to 6.4% Signup and view all the answers

Which condition may lead to elevated triglyceride levels?

High blood glucose levels due to insulin resistance Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended screening frequency for women aged 45-54 for mammograms?

Annually Signup and view all the answers

At what fasting blood glucose level is diabetes diagnosed?

125 mg/dL or higher Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical lifestyle change to help manage diabetes?

Regular physical activity Signup and view all the answers

What factor is considered in extending colorectal cancer screening in patients beyond 75 years?

Patient medical history Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a recommended lifestyle change to prevent diabetes?

Medication non-adherence Signup and view all the answers

Which blood glucose level after 2 hours indicates a person has diabetes in the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test?

200 mg/dL Signup and view all the answers

What is considered a normal A1c percentage?

5.0% to 5.6% Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Health Promotion and Risk Reduction

The goal of health promotion is to educate patients and populations on factors influencing health.
Awareness of modifiable (e.g., lifestyle choices) and non-modifiable (e.g., genetics) risk factors is crucial for effective health communication.

Health Literacy

Personal Health Literacy: An individual's ability to access, interpret, and use health information effectively.
Organizational Health Literacy: A healthcare organization's ability to present information and services in a manner that is understandable and accessible to diverse populations.

Health Promotion Theories

Pender’s Health Promotion Model emphasizes the role of biopsychosocial factors in adopting healthy behaviors.
The Health Belief Model focuses on perceptions of susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, cues to action, and self-efficacy as key drivers in health behavior change.

Transtheoretical Model

Behavior change is a gradual process, involving stages: Precontemplation, Contemplation, Preparation, Action, and Maintenance.
Understanding the Decisional Balance construct aids in patient education by weighing pros and cons of behavior change.

Sleep Needs by Age

Sleep requirements vary by age group:
- Newborns: 10.5–18 hours
- Toddlers: 12–14 hours
- Teens: 8.5–9.25 hours
- Adults: 7–9 hours

Preventative Screenings

Lipid Panel Tests:
- Total Cholesterol: Normal < 200 mg/dL
- LDL Cholesterol: Normal 100-129 mg/dL
- HDL Cholesterol: Men ≥ 40 mg/dL, Women ≥ 50 mg/dL
- Triglycerides: Normal < 150 mg/dL
Screening recommendations:
- Adults: Fasting lipid profile
- Risk Factors: Annual tests for those with CAD risk
- Adolescents: Ages 9-11

Inflammatory Markers and Cardiovascular Health

High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) measures chronic inflammation linked to cardiovascular disease progression.
Inflammation contributes to plaque formation and instability in arteries.

Blood Pressure

Normal blood pressure: Less than 120/80 mm Hg.
Hypertension stages:
- Elevated: Systolic 120-129 mm Hg, Diastolic 80-89 mm Hg
- Stage 1: Systolic 130-139 mm Hg, Diastolic 80-89 mm Hg
- Stage 2: Systolic ≥ 140 mm Hg, Diastolic ≥ 90 mm Hg
- Crisis: Systolic ≥ 180 mm Hg, Diastolic ≥ 120 mm Hg
Screening: Adults should have routine checks starting at age 18.

Diabetes Management

Normal blood glucose levels:
- Fasting: 80-130 mg/dL
- Postprandial: < 180 mg/dL
Importance of early cancer screening, particularly for colorectal cancer, for improving treatment outcomes.

Communication Strategies for Screenings

Methods to convey screening recommendations include:
- Informative websites
- Educational materials (brochures, posters)
- Community outreach
- Use of electronic health records for reminders

Healthy Diet Recommendations

Protein sources:
- Plant-based: Beans, lentils, tofu
- Animal-based: Chicken, fish, eggs
Healthy fats:
- Monounsaturated: Olive oil, nuts
- Polyunsaturated: Fatty fish, flaxseeds
Fats to avoid: Saturated (red meat, full-fat dairy) and trans fats (processed foods).
Importance of fiber: Soluble (oats, legumes) and insoluble (whole grains, vegetables).

Nutrition for Health Management

Lowering LDL: Increase fiber, opt for unsaturated fats, limit fried foods.
Strategies for hypertension: Adopt DASH diet, reduce sodium, maintain regular exercise.

Lifestyle Changes to Improve Lipid Levels

Reducing saturated and trans fats decreases Low-Density Lipoproteins (LDL).
Increasing soluble fiber, from sources like oats and fruits, helps lower cholesterol absorption.
Consuming fatty fish or flaxseed enhances Omega-3 fatty acids, raising High-Density Lipoproteins (HDL) and lowering triglycerides.
Regular aerobic exercise (walking, cycling, running) boosts HDL and decreases LDL.
Weight management contributes to lowering total cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides while improving HDL.
Smoking cessation improves HDL levels and reduces overall cardiovascular risk.

Development and Progression of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

CAD arises from narrowed arteries due to plaque buildup (atherosclerosis).
Initial phase involves endothelial damage caused by risk factors: high blood pressure, diabetes, smoking, and elevated cholesterol.
Accumulation of LDL leads to inflammation and formation of fatty streaks, progressing to foam cells.
Sustained fatty streak development creates fibrous plaques that narrow arteries.
Unstable plaques can rupture, resulting in blood clots and potential heart attacks.

Health Belief Model (HBM) Key Concepts

Perceived Susceptibility: Belief in the likelihood of developing a condition.
Perceived Severity: Belief in the seriousness of a condition.
Perceived Benefits: Belief in the effectiveness of actions to reduce risks.
Perceived Barriers: Belief in the costs associated with taking action.
Cues to Action: Environmental strategies that trigger readiness for change.
Self-Efficacy: Confidence in one’s ability to take action against health risks.

Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change

Behavior change is a gradual process involving specific stages.
Individuals may resist change due to factors like discomfort, pleasure, pain, stress, or social implications.
Recognizes that change can be challenging, even for highly motivated individuals.

Decisional Balance in Patient Education

This construct involves weighing pros and cons of change, helping patients identify motivation and barriers.
Fosters informed decision-making about health actions.

Smoking and Health Risks

Smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in the U.S., causing around 438,000 annual deaths.
It significantly contributes to cancers of the lung, bladder, esophagus, and more.
Over 16 million Americans suffer from diseases linked to smoking, affecting nearly every organ.
Smoking economic burden totals approximately $170 billion per year in healthcare and lost productivity.

Diabetes Screening and Management

Hemoglobin A1c (HgbA1c): Measures average blood glucose over three months; higher levels indicate poorer glucose control.
Pre-Diabetes Criteria:
- Fasting blood glucose: 100-125 mg/dL
- A1c: 5.7-6.4%
- Oral Glucose Tolerance Test: 140-199 mg/dL after 2 hours.
Diabetes Criteria:
- Fasting blood glucose: ≥125 mg/dL
- A1c: ≥6.5%
- Oral Glucose Tolerance Test: ≥200 mg/dL after 2 hours.

Lifestyle Changes to Prevent or Manage Diabetes

Adoptions of a balanced diet and exercise routine.
Weight management and medication adherence are essential.
Regular blood glucose monitoring is critical for effective diabetes management.

Recommendations for Cancer Screening

Mammograms:
- Women 45-54 should screen annually.
- Women 40-44 can choose to start screenings annually.
- Women 55+ should screen every two years.
Colorectal Cancer Screening:
- Begin at age 45, continue to age 75 with possible extensions to age 85 based on patient history.

Importance of Colon Cancer Screening

Early detection of colorectal cancer allows for better treatment outcomes.
Regular screenings can expose precancerous polyps before developing into cancer.
Many cases progress without symptoms, making screenings crucial for at-risk populations.

Recommended Diet for Health

Protein Sources:
- Plant-based (beans, tofu) and animal-based (chicken, fish).
- Dairy options like non-fat milk or yogurt.
Healthy Fats:
- Advocate unsaturated fats (olive oil, avocados).
- Avoid saturated (red meat) and trans fats (processed foods).
Fiber Sources:
- Soluble (legumes, oats) and insoluble (grains, nuts).
Carbohydrates:
- Differentiate between simple (sugary) and complex (grains, legumes) carbohydrates.

Strategies for Communicating Screenings

Utilize various platforms such as websites, brochures, and patient education during appointments.
Leverage electronic health records for reminder systems and reminders through apps or social media.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Explore the essential theories of health promotion and risk reduction in Community Health Nursing. This quiz focuses on planning educational strategies for patients and populations, as well as understanding risks associated with modifiable and non-modifiable factors, based on Nies & McEwen's Chapter 4.

NURS 4530 Active Learning Guide Module 2 - Medium

Podcast Beta

Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of personal health literacy?

Which model is primarily used for guiding health education and promotion activities?

What does organizational health literacy ensure for individuals?

Which of the following best describes modifiable risk factors?

What are the HP2030 overarching goals primarily aimed at?

In the context of health promotion, what is the purpose of screening recommendations?

How does Pender’s Health Promotion Model contribute to health promotion?

What is a key factor in the communication of risk to patients for health promotion?

What percentage of current smokers express a desire to quit smoking?

At what age range do most people typically start smoking?

What is the normal range for total cholesterol levels in the blood?

What is the recommended sleep duration for adults?

What is the normal range for LDL cholesterol levels?

Which age group should receive a fasting lipid profile test according to population-based screening recommendations?

Which of the following is NOT part of a standard lipid panel?

What percentage of high school-aged smokers have attempted to quit at least once?

What is the normal HDL cholesterol range for women?

Which of the following is the normal range for triglycerides in the blood?

What does perceived susceptibility refer to in the Health Belief Model?

Which of the following best describes perceived severity in the Health Belief Model?

What is self-efficacy as defined in the Health Belief Model?

In the Transtheoretical Model, what does the precontemplation stage indicate?

What does the concept of cues to action involve?

Why might individuals resist making behavior changes according to the Transtheoretical Model?

What is the role of perceived benefits in the Health Belief Model?

What element relates to the tangible and psychological costs of an advised action?

Which statement BEST describes the decisional balance construct in the Stages of Change?

Which stage of the Transtheoretical Model involves actively planning and preparing for behavior change?

What is a key benefit of early screening for colon cancer?

Which of the following is a source of monounsaturated fats?

What type of carbohydrates is known to cause rapid spikes in blood sugar levels?

To lower low-density lipids (LDL), which dietary change should be made?

Which method can be used to effectively communicate screening guidelines to the public?

Which lifestyle factor is least associated with the accumulation of plaque in the arteries?

What does a high-sensitivity C-reactive protein test specifically measure?

Which of the following strategies is least likely to lower chronic inflammation levels?

What is the systolic blood pressure range for Stage 2 hypertension?

In which scenario should adults start routine blood pressure checks according to guidelines?

What is the recommended action to manage blood pressure according to the information provided?

What is the role of inflammation in coronary artery disease (CAD)?

What is considered a normal fasting blood glucose range?

Which of the following is NOT a recommended method to lower blood pressure?

Which of these factors can contribute to chronic inflammation?

Which lifestyle change is most effective for improving High Density Lipids?

What is the first step in the development of coronary artery disease?

Which dietary change can help reduce Low Density Lipids?

What role does smoking cessation play in managing cardiovascular health?

Which of the following best describes a fatty streak in the arteries?

How can weight management impact lipid levels?

Which factor primarily leads to the inflammation necessary for atherosclerosis development?

What is a common consequence of plaque rupture in the arteries?

What does perceived barriers refer to in the Health Belief Model?

In the context of the Transtheoretical Model, which stage involves no intention to change behavior in the next 6 months?

Which aspect of the Transtheoretical Model describes strategies or conditions that activate readiness to take action?

Which of the following best describes perceived severity in the Health Belief Model?

What does self-efficacy in the Health Belief Model refer to?

Which of the following describes a common reason for resisting behavior change, according to the Transtheoretical Model?

What is the primary focus of the decisional balance construct in the Stages of Change?

Which component of the Health Belief Model relates to the belief in the ability of an advised action to reduce risk?

What does perceived susceptibility indicate within the Health Belief Model?

Which of the following is an example of a tangible barrier to taking health action?

What is the main benefit of early screening for colon cancer?

Which of the following sources is high in monounsaturated fats?

What type of carbohydrate is associated with rapid spikes in blood sugar?

Which dietary change is recommended to help lower low-density lipids (LDL)?

Which method is least effective for communicating screening information to the public?

What is an example of a non-modifiable risk factor for heart disease?

What is the leading cause of preventable death in the United States?

Which of the following factors most significantly contributes to the higher smoking rates among adults?

What area in the United States generally has the lowest smoking rates?

Which statement best describes the impact of smoking on lung cancer?

What is the economic impact of smoking in the U.S.?

How did public understanding of health risks change during the early phase of the COVID pandemic?

How many Americans are currently living with a disease caused by smoking?

What proactive process allows individuals to address threats to their health?

Which of the following is most likely to influence risk communication?

What does hemoglobin A1c primarily measure?