Community Health Nursing (CHN) Concepts

• These are study notes for Community Health Nursing (CHN) concepts and related topics.

Community Health Nursing Concepts

• According to Jacobson, it is a learned practice with the goal of promoting the client's optimum level of functioning through teaching and care delivery.
• As per the WHO, CHN combines nursing skills, public health knowledge, and social assistance to promote health, improve conditions, and rehabilitate those with illnesses/disabilities.
• The American Nurses Association (ANA) defines CHN as applying nursing and public health practices to promote and preserve the health of populations.
• The philosophy provides a basis and guidance for action
• According to Margaret Shetland, the philosophy of CHN is founded on the value and dignity of individuals.
• Principles emphasize community needs, understanding agency policies, family-centered service, universal availability, health teaching as a primary role, teamwork, periodic evaluation, staff education, and resource utilization.
• A preventive approach to health is key, focusing on populations, development, and various client levels with prepayment options.
• Different fields includes Public Health and School Health Nursing

Features of CHN

• Includes preventative approach to health and population-focused.
• Community Health Nursing is a specialty area encompassing subspecialties like Public Health Nursing .
• Health appraisal activities in schools include annual health assessments, rapid classroom inspections, vision testing, and height/weight measurements.
• Public Health Nursing is commonly practiced with the government agencies
• School Health Nursing aims to promote, prevent learning hindered illness.

Health Belief Model (HBM)

• Developed in 1958 by social psychologists
• It asserts individuals need knowledge and skills before action.
• Perceived susceptibility means one's belief in the likelihood of getting a condition.
• Perceived severity means one's belief about the seriousness of a given condition.
• Percieved benefits means one's belief in the advised action's ability to reduce health risk.
• Perceived Barriers refers to one's belief about the tangible and psychological costs of advised action.
• Cues to action are strategies or conditions that activate readiness
• Self-efficacy is confidence in one's ability to take action to reduce health risks.

Milio's Framework for Prevention

• A complement to the HBM
• It outlines that population health deficits stem from resource deprivation or excess.
• Organization and policies dictate available options and influence choices.
• Alterations in behavior patterns by many can lead to social change.
• Population behavior is a result of actual and perceived options.
• Health-promoting choices need availability and lower costs than damaging options.
• Framework considers economic, political, and environmental determinants
• Lifestyle means patterns of choices based on socioeconomic circumstances and ease of choice.

Nola Pender's Health Promotion Model (HPM)

• Developed in the 1980s and revised in 1996
• Is centered on individual characteristics, behavior-specific cognitions/affect, and behavioral outcomes, without threat as a motivator.
• Individual characteristics include prior behavior and personal factors (biological, psychological, sociocultural).
• Behavior-specific factors include perceived benefits, barriers, self-efficacy, and activity-related affect.
• Interpersonal influences involve feelings about beliefs/attitudes of others, where situational influences involve options, demand, and aesthetics.
• Commitment initiates behavior with consideration for competing demands/preferences, leading to health-promoting behavior (goal/outcome).

PRECEDE-PROCEED Model

• It emphasizes comprehensive health program planning and evaluation through predisposing, reinforcing, and enabling constructs.
• Predisposing, Reinforcing and Enabling Constructs in Educational Diagnosis and Evaluation (PRECEDE) aids community diagnosi
• Policy, Regulatory, and Organizational Constructs in Educational and Environmental Development (PROCEED) aids the implementation of health programs
• Predisposing factors motivate health behavior, including attitudes, beliefs, and values.
• Enabling factors are conditions facilitating or impeding health behavior, including skills, availability, accessibility, and referrals.
• Reinforcing factors support performance like feedback from support systems.

Terminology

• Aggregate means sum
• Geopolitical community means a community with jurisdictional boundries
• Phenomenological community a group defined by shared values
• Demography means the study of population

Community Health Situation

• Essential roles: clinician/care provider, educator, advocate, researcher, leader, manager, collaborator.
• The Minnesota Intervention Wheel helps public health nurses to improve health outcomes through interventions.
• Interventions involves surveillance, disease investigation, outreach, screening, case-finding, referral, case management, delegated functions, health teaching, counseling, consultation, collaboration, coalition building, and community organizing.

Health Profile

• The population was at 100.98 Million as of Aug 2015
• There were high occurance of births
• Deaths were recorded
• More males were recorded than females

Top 3 Leading Causes of Death

1. Ischemic heart diseases.
2. Malignant neoplasms (cancer).
3. Pneumonia

Morbidity

• Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infection and Pneumonia
• This is followed by bronchitis

Mapping of Filariasis

• Schistosomiasis continues to affect hundreds of barangays in 24 endemic provinces.