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What was one significant outcome of the Communist influence in the Trade Union Movement by the end of 1928?
What was one significant outcome of the Communist influence in the Trade Union Movement by the end of 1928?
What was a primary aim of the First Factory Act of 1881?
What was a primary aim of the First Factory Act of 1881?
Which industries were notably influenced by Communist participation during the strikes and demonstrations between 1927 and 1929?
Which industries were notably influenced by Communist participation during the strikes and demonstrations between 1927 and 1929?
What was the primary concern of the British government regarding the Indian textile industry in the late 19th century?
What was the primary concern of the British government regarding the Indian textile industry in the late 19th century?
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How did the government respond to the activities of the Trade Union Movement under Communist influence?
How did the government respond to the activities of the Trade Union Movement under Communist influence?
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What was a common misconception regarding the labor reforms introduced by the British in India?
What was a common misconception regarding the labor reforms introduced by the British in India?
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Which of the following statements best describes the conditions for laborers in tea plantations under British rule?
Which of the following statements best describes the conditions for laborers in tea plantations under British rule?
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What was the purpose of the Royal Commission on Labour (Whitley Commission, 1929)?
What was the purpose of the Royal Commission on Labour (Whitley Commission, 1929)?
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What was a major characteristic of the Kisans or peasants in the twentieth century compared to their predecessors?
What was a major characteristic of the Kisans or peasants in the twentieth century compared to their predecessors?
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Which movements did the workers actively participate in during the Quit India Movement of 1942?
Which movements did the workers actively participate in during the Quit India Movement of 1942?
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What led to the rise of the Oudh Kisan Movement?
What led to the rise of the Oudh Kisan Movement?
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Which of the following was NOT one of the activities associated with the workers during the Nationalist Movement?
Which of the following was NOT one of the activities associated with the workers during the Nationalist Movement?
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What type of leadership did the workers have during their participation in movements led by Gandhi?
What type of leadership did the workers have during their participation in movements led by Gandhi?
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What was the reaction of the workers to the call given by the Communists and the Socialists on February 22, 1946?
What was the reaction of the workers to the call given by the Communists and the Socialists on February 22, 1946?
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Why did the peasants become actively involved in the Nationalist Movement during the twentieth century?
Why did the peasants become actively involved in the Nationalist Movement during the twentieth century?
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Which movement is associated with the ongoing struggles of cultivators in modern day Eastern and Central U.P.?
Which movement is associated with the ongoing struggles of cultivators in modern day Eastern and Central U.P.?
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What was the main demand of the peasants during the Bardoli Satyagraha?
What was the main demand of the peasants during the Bardoli Satyagraha?
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Which notable figure received the title of 'Sardar' from the women of Bardoli?
Which notable figure received the title of 'Sardar' from the women of Bardoli?
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Which organization was formed by peasant leaders in Lucknow in 1936?
Which organization was formed by peasant leaders in Lucknow in 1936?
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What was one of the major agendas of the All-India Kisan Sabha?
What was one of the major agendas of the All-India Kisan Sabha?
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What was the Bakasht system related to?
What was the Bakasht system related to?
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Who emerged as the real peasant leader during the Kisan Sabha movement?
Who emerged as the real peasant leader during the Kisan Sabha movement?
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What was one of the demands put forward by the Kisan Sabha to the peasants?
What was one of the demands put forward by the Kisan Sabha to the peasants?
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What sparked the serious riots in May 1946 between peasants and zamindars?
What sparked the serious riots in May 1946 between peasants and zamindars?
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When was the Oudh Kisan Sabha formed?
When was the Oudh Kisan Sabha formed?
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Which movement was linked with the peasant movement in Rae Bareilly, Faizabad, and Sultanpur?
Which movement was linked with the peasant movement in Rae Bareilly, Faizabad, and Sultanpur?
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What demand did share-croppers make during the Tebhaga Movement?
What demand did share-croppers make during the Tebhaga Movement?
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What significant achievement is associated with Vallabh Bhai Patel in 1928?
What significant achievement is associated with Vallabh Bhai Patel in 1928?
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What system was abolished by the Government in 1948?
What system was abolished by the Government in 1948?
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Which movement was led by Madari Pasi?
Which movement was led by Madari Pasi?
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What significant legislation was passed in response to the pressure from the peasant movements?
What significant legislation was passed in response to the pressure from the peasant movements?
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Who was the first Secretary of the All-India Kisan Sabha?
Who was the first Secretary of the All-India Kisan Sabha?
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What was the primary aim of Shahajanand Saraswati's Agricultural Reform programme?
What was the primary aim of Shahajanand Saraswati's Agricultural Reform programme?
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What was the main characteristic of the demands made by the peasants during their movements?
What was the main characteristic of the demands made by the peasants during their movements?
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What was the significant action taken by the peasants in response to their exploitation?
What was the significant action taken by the peasants in response to their exploitation?
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Who was the notable figure who joined the Kisan Sabha movement and met with the peasants?
Who was the notable figure who joined the Kisan Sabha movement and met with the peasants?
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In which year was the All India Kisan Congress renamed to All India Kisan Sabha?
In which year was the All India Kisan Congress renamed to All India Kisan Sabha?
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What was a major complaint of farmers during the Eka movement?
What was a major complaint of farmers during the Eka movement?
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Who was the founder of Kisan Sabha of Bihar?
Who was the founder of Kisan Sabha of Bihar?
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What motivated Ramchandra Reddy to donate land during the Bhoodan Movement?
What motivated Ramchandra Reddy to donate land during the Bhoodan Movement?
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Study Notes
Trade Union Movement and Communist Influence
- The Communist-led Red Trade Union significantly influenced the Indian Trade Union Movement by 1928, with the Girni Kamgar Union's membership reaching 54,000.
- Communist influence grew particularly in Bengal and Bombay, extending to railway workers, jute mills, and municipalities.
- Strikes and demonstrations occurred across India from 1927 to 1929, reflecting workers' resistance against government policies regarding labor rights.
- The Indian textile industry posed a threat to Lancashire textile capitalists, prompting the British to implement the first commission on worker conditions in 1875.
- The First Factory Act (1881) prohibited employing children under seven and limited working hours for those under twelve; subsequent reforms often served British interests rather than improving worker conditions.
- The British government adopted repressive measures (e.g., Trade Disputes Act, Public Safety Act) to curb Trade Union Movement activities and to undermine leftist influence.
- The Whitley Commission (1929) aimed to fragment the Trade Union Movement from within.
- Nationalist involvement in labor movements included both support and opposition, with early Nationalist newspapers often criticizing Factory Acts and strikes.
Peasant Movements
- Twentieth-century peasants (Kisans) were more organized and class-conscious, actively participating in nationalist movements guided by prominent leaders like Gandhi.
- Key peasant movements leading up to independence included the Oudh Kisan Movement, Moplah Movement, Bardoli Satyagraha, Telangana Movement, and Bakasht Movement.
Oudh Kisan Movement
- Poor conditions for farmers in Oudh stemmed from exploitation by Taluqedars (landlords), with grievances including arbitrary ejections and exorbitant rents.
- The U.P. Kisan Sabha formed in February 1918, led by figures like Baba Ram Chandra, sought to address these injustices.
- The Oudh Kisan Sabha merged with U.P. Kisan Sabha; demands included halting ejections, ending free labor practices (begar), and establishing panchayats.
- Violence erupted during protests, leading to clashes with police and fatalities in 1921.
- The Oudh Rent (Amendment) Act (1922) was a minor victory for the peasants amidst ongoing struggles.
Moplah Uprising (1921)
- The Moplah Uprising involved Muslim leaseholders in South Malabar organizing against revised land assessments.
- Leaders mobilized peasants through grassroots campaigns, including oaths against paying land revenue.
- A strong sense of community solidarity emerged, with boycotts enforced against tax-paying parties.
Bardoli Satyagraha (1928)
- Vallabh Bhai Patel emerged as a key leader, successfully organizing protests against increased land revenue.
- The movement strengthened the role of women in activism, earning Patel the title "Sardar."
All-India Kisan Sabha and Bakasht Movement
- The All-India Kisan Sabha was founded in 1936 to advocate for peasant rights, focusing on ending zamindari and redistributing land.
- The Bakasht Movement in 1946-47 resulted in riots between peasants and zamindars over evictions and exorbitant rents.
- The zamindari system was abolished in 1948, providing late relief to peasants.
Influence of Key Figures
- Swami Sahajanand Saraswati was pivotal in forming the Kisan Sabha in Bihar and focused on eliminating the zamindari system.
- The Eka Movement (1921-22) targeted unfair rent increases, with participants emphasizing cash collection over produce due to inflation.
- The Tebhaga Movement (1946) sought to reduce zamindar shares from half to one-third, centralizing efforts in North Bengal.
Bhoodan Movement (1951-57)
- Initiated by Vinoba Bhave, the Bhoodan Movement aimed to collect land for redistribution to landless laborers, illustrating grassroots activism well into the post-independence era.
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Description
Explore the rise of the Communist influence in the Trade Union movement, particularly focusing on the Girni Kamgar Union led by Deshpande. This quiz covers key events and figures leading up to 1928, highlighting the popularity and membership growth in the unions. Test your knowledge on this significant period in history.
