Communication Theories Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of media within information and communication processes?

  • To act as a primary source of credible and current information (correct)
  • To limit the spread of information to a select audience
  • To regulate the production of content and ensure ethical standards
  • To ensure the accessibility of information to all individuals

How has communication evolved in the 21st century, according to the passage?

  • Communication has become more social and interactive through the rise of technology. (correct)
  • Communication has become more restricted and focused on specific audiences.
  • Communication has shifted towards a more impersonal and indirect exchange.
  • Communication is now solely dependent on technology and digital interactions.

Which of the following is NOT an example of a non-media information provider?

  • A public library
  • A historical museum
  • A news television channel (correct)
  • An online archive

How does the passage define communication?

<p>A systemic process involving the creation and interpretation of meaning. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of communication as outlined in the passage?

<p>It is a process that can be influenced by environmental changes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason communication has become more "social" in the 21st century?

<p>The emergence of technological platforms facilitating communication. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the passage connect technological advancements with communication?

<p>Technological advancements have significantly influenced communication patterns and speed. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the passage suggest about the relationship between media and communication?

<p>Media is a necessary component of communication, but not the sole factor. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key limitation of the Shannon-Weaver Model of Communication?

<p>It does not consider the role of feedback. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the Shannon-Weaver Model, what is the role of the encoder?

<p>To convert the message into signals. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a type of noise in the Shannon-Weaver Model?

<p>Cultural noise, such as different values and beliefs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of the Osgood-Schramm model of communication?

<p>It is a circular model that highlights the importance of shared meaning. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the interpreter in the Osgood-Schramm Model?

<p>To decode the message and understand its meaning. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the difference between the Shannon-Weaver and Osgood-Schramm models of communication?

<p>The Shannon-Weaver model is a one-way process, while the Osgood-Schramm model is a two-way process. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Osgood-Schramm model, what is the primary goal of communication?

<p>To create shared understanding and meaning. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of noise in the communication process, according to the Shannon-Weaver model?

<p>A loud noise in the environment that distracts the receiver. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Aristotle's Model of Communication?

<p>The importance of the speaker's skill in delivering the message. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the Aristotle Model, what is the 'effect' element referring to?

<p>The speaker's intended outcome or impact on the audience. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these elements is NOT explicitly mentioned as part of the Aristotle Model of Communication?

<p>Channel (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, how does social media influence the communication process?

<p>It emphasizes the importance of audience engagement and interaction. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the phrase 'Media and Information Literacy' emphasize in the context of communication?

<p>The critical analysis and understanding of information and media sources. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, which element is considered the receiver in the communication process?

<p>Listener/Receiver (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is 'encoding' in the context of communication?

<p>The act of converting thoughts and ideas into a form that can be understood. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is 'context' in the communication process?

<p>The specific situation or environment in which the communication takes place. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary role of media in society?

<p>To act as channels of information for communication (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does communication through media impact societal debates?

<p>It facilitates informed debates among diverse social actors. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way does media act as a watchdog?

<p>By exposing corruption and promoting transparency. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of media literacy?

<p>The ability to read, analyze, evaluate, and produce communication across media forms. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant function of media in democratic societies?

<p>Facilitating free and fair elections. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does social media contribute to communication?

<p>By enabling communities to share information and ideas. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'communication model' refer to?

<p>Diagrams that help understand the communication process. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one way media supports cultural cohesion?

<p>By acting as a vehicle for cultural expression and exchange. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the field of experience refer to in communication?

<p>Life experiences, attitudes, values, and beliefs of communicators. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the Osgood-Schramm model of communication?

<p>It emphasizes redundancy in messages. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of noise does the Osgood-Schramm model introduce to communication?

<p>Semantic noise. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is NOT part of Berlo's SMCR model of communication?

<p>Context. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor does Berlo's SMCR model identify as important for the sender?

<p>Communication skills and knowledge. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does feedback represent in the Osgood-Schramm model?

<p>An essential component indicating the recipient's understanding. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Berlo's model, what does the channel refer to?

<p>The mode of transmission used. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key assumption of the Osgood-Schramm model of communication?

<p>Semantic differences can lead to misunderstanding. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main criticism of Berlo's SMCR Model of Communication?

<p>It is a linear model and ignores feedback. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What feature distinguishes Aristotle's Model of Communication from Berlo's SMCR Model?

<p>Aristotle's model emphasizes the importance of feedback and response. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a code in Berlo's SMCR Model?

<p>Time (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of Berlo's SMCR Model refers to the way a message is structured and arranged?

<p>Structure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key element missing in Berlo's SMCR Model that is crucial for effective communication?

<p>Feedback (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential limitation of Aristotle's Model of Communication?

<p>It is a linear model, which might not account for the complex dynamics of real-world communication. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What makes Berlo's SMCR Model of Communication relevant to understanding the communication process?

<p>It provides a structured framework for analyzing and understanding the elements involved in communication. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Communication

A process where individuals interact through symbols to create meanings.

Media

Sources of credible information created through an editorial process.

Nature of Communication

Communication is systematic, symbolic, and changes with environments.

Symbolic Nature

Use of symbols, both verbal and nonverbal, in communication.

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Social Process

Communication as a natural ability for individuals to socialize.

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Technological Advances

How technological growth affects communication methods and speed.

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Information Providers

Includes media, libraries, and individuals generating content.

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Impact of Media

Media's influence on society and personal expression.

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Berlo’s SMCR Model

A communication model developed by Berlo in 1960 outlining Source, Message, Channel, and Receiver.

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Message Content

The actual subject matter conveyed in a communication, from start to finish.

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Message Elements

Includes language, gestures, and body language that enhance the message.

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Message Treatment

How a message is packaged and delivered to the receiver.

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Message Structure

The arrangement of various parts of a message for clarity.

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Communication Channels

The five sense organs through which communication occurs: hearing, seeing, touching, smelling, tasting.

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Criticisms of Berlo’s Model

Points out lack of feedback, barriers to communication, and it's too linear.

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Aristotle’s Model of Communication

The first linear model of communication proposed by Aristotle around 300 B.C., focusing on oral communication.

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Shannon-Weaver Model

A linear communication model with five elements: sender, encoder, channel, decoder, receiver.

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Sender

The originator of the message in the communication process.

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Encoder

The transmitter that converts the message into signals for transmission.

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Decoder

The receiver within the model that converts signals back into a message.

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Receiver

The destination of the message from the sender.

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Noise

Any interference that distorts the message during transmission.

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Osgood-Schramm Model

A circular model of communication emphasizing interaction and feedback.

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Interpreter

The individual who interprets and understands the received message.

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Field of Experience

Life experiences, attitudes, values, and beliefs affecting communication.

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Semantic Noise

Misinterpretation of messages due to differing meanings of words.

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Dynamic Model

A model that shows how communication can change over time.

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Components of Communication

Factors in Berlo’s model: sender, message, channel, receiver.

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Encoding and Decoding

Processes of preparing a message for sending and interpreting it upon receiving.

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Social System

Aspects of society like values, beliefs, and culture affecting communication.

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Aristotle Model of Communication

A communication model with 5 elements: Speaker, Speech, Occasion, Audience, Effect.

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Speaker

The source or originator of the message in communication.

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Speech

The formal expression of information or ideas from the speaker.

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Audience

The recipients of the message, who are influenced by the speech.

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Effect

The outcome or impact of the speech on the audience.

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Feedback

The audience's response or reaction to the speaker's message.

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Decoding

The process of interpreting the speaker's encoded message by the receiver.

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Role of Media

Media channels empower citizens to understand and evaluate content critically.

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Functions of Media

Media facilitates informed debates and helps citizens make decisions.

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Information Gathering

Media provides knowledge about events beyond our own experiences.

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Community Building

Media helps society learn about itself and build community ties.

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Watchdog Role

Media promotes transparency and exposes wrongdoing in government and corporations.

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Democratic Processes

Media is essential for free and fair elections in a democracy.

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Cultural Expression

Media serves as a vehicle for cultural cohesion and expression across nations.

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Media Literacy

The ability to read, analyze, and create various forms of media communication.

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Study Notes

Media and Information Literacy

  •  Media and information literacy is a subject
  •  Focuses on communication
  •  Third quarter, first lesson

Lesson Objectives

  •  Define communication, media, and information
  •  Recognize communication as a social process
  •  Describe communication and related concepts
  •  Conclude how media affects human living via an information chart

Changes in Communication

  •  Communication has evolved over time
  •  Traditional methods (pen, ink, voice) are being replaced by newer technologies
  •  The question remains: Is communication really different?

Media

  •  Media plays a crucial role in communication processes
  •  Media is now a common outlet for self-expression and creativity
  •  Media's influence is widespread and rapid due to technological advancement and connectivity

Communication

  •  Communication is a dynamic process involving individuals interacting through symbols to create and interpret meanings
  •  Communication is systematic, involves interconnected interacting parts
  •  Communication is symbolic, using verbal (words) or nonverbal (non-words) symbols

Communication and Media

  •  Communication involves the conveying or sharing of information.
  •  21st-century communication is becoming increasingly social due to technology
  •  Media is a source of credible and up-to-date information through editorial processes based on journalistic principles

Communication and Media

  •  Media is a crucial part of societal communication systems
  •  Media encompasses various institutions like libraries, museums, archives, and internet providers

Shannon-Weaver's Model of Communication (1948)

  •  A linear model depicting communication as a one-way process
  •  Consists of five elements (source, transmitter, channel, receiver, destination)
  •  Includes the concept of noise interrupting the communication
  •  Model was initially intended to analyze the function of radio/phone technology

Shannon-Weaver's Model of Communication (1948) - continued

  •  Sender: originator of the message
  •  Encoder: transmitter converting message to signals
  •  Decoder: reception place, transforming signals back into the message
  •  Receiver: destination of the sent message
  •  Noise: disturbances during message transmittal (e.g., sound, distraction)

Shannon-Weaver's Model of Communication (1948) - continued

  •  Sender: Thomson
  •  Encoder: Telephone (Thomson)
  •  Channel: Cable
  •  Noise: Distraction in voice
  •  Reception: Telephone (Assistant)
  •  Receiver: Assistant

Shannon-Weaver's Model of Communication (1948) - continued

  •  Known as the "mother" of most communication models
  •  Describes communication as a linear, one-way process
  •  Criticized for lacking feedback, essential for verified receiver understanding

Osgood-Schramm Model of Communication (1954)

  •  A circular model, viewing communication as cyclical
  •  Sender and receiver are interchangeable roles in the communication process
  •  Encoder: sends the message
  •  Decoder: receives the message
  •  Interpreter: works to understand the message

Osgood-Schramm Model of Communication (1954) - continued

  •  The Schramm model extends Shannon-Weaver by introducing "field of experience"
  •  Explains how transferred meaning occurs between individuals
  •  Explores factors influencing how messages are sent & received (attitudes, beliefs)
  •  Emphasizes semantic noise- interpretation differences between senders & receivers

Osgood-Schramm Model of Communication (1954) - continued

  •  Semantic noise occurs when senders and receivers attach different meanings to the same messages; common case of communication breakdown.
  •  Technical terminology can exacerbate this issue.

Advantage of Osgood-Schramm Model of Communication

  • Shows how a situation can change and why redundancy is crucial
  •  Assumes communication as circular, with sender and receiver as one person
  •  Feedback is a central feature

Berlo's SMCR Model of Communication (1960)

  •  Sender, message, channel, receiver, are four key components of communication
  •  Each component is influenced by numerous factors

Berlo's SMCR Model of Communication (1960) - continued

  •  Source: the origin of the message
  •  Communication skills: individuals' ability to communicate (e.g., reading, writing, speaking, listening)
  •  Attitudes: how a communicator views the audience, topic, and self
  •  Knowledge: communicator's expertise on the subject
  •  Social system: societal values, beliefs, culture, and religion where communication occurs
  •  Culture: a specific society's culture

Berlo's SMCR Model of Communication (1960) - continued

  •  Message: content, elements (language, gestures), treatment, and structure of the message
  •  Channel: the five senses (hearing, seeing, touching, smelling, tasting)

Criticisms on Berlo's SMCR Model of Communication (1960)

  •  Lacks feedback mechanisms
  •  The model is quite extensive
  •  Doesn't explicitly discuss barriers to successful communication
  •  Assumes people on the same level, contrary to real-life circumstances

Aristotle Model of Communication

  •  A linear model
  •  The first communication model
  •  Focuses on the speaker and speech; the audience is passive
  •  Consists of five basic elements: speaker, speech, occasion, audience, effect

Aristotle Model of Communication - continued

  •  Speakers should tailor messages to the audience and occasion
  •  Speech should influence and persuade the audience

Elements of Communication

  •  Speaker: Information source
  •  Message: Information, subject intended for communication
  •  Medium: Form used for message delivery
  •  Channel: Method of message conveyance (e.g., voice)
  •  Encoding: Conversion of messages into understandable forms
  •  Listener/Receiver: Recipient of the message
  •  Feedback: Listener response
  •  Context: Communication environment
  •  Barrier: Factors affecting communication flow
  •  Decoding: Interpreting the encoded message, meaning given to it

The Social Media Effect

  •  Communication has become more interactive and productive using social media
  •  Social media influences communication by enabling wide distribution

How Communication is Affected by Media and Information

  •  Acts as channels for information & knowledge exchange supporting informed decisions
  •  Promotes informed debates among diverse social groups
  •  Facilitates gaining understanding of the world beyond immediate experiences

How Communication is Affected by Media and Information - continued

  •  Supports societal understanding and building community
  •  Acts as a watchdog for transparency in government, exposing corruption and maladministration
  •  Facilitates democratic processes, including ensuring free & fair elections 
  •  Enables cultural expression and cohesion within/among nations 
  •  Provides an opportunity for advocacy and social action, while respecting different viewpoints

Definitions of Terms

  •  Media: physical objects used for communication
  •  Communication: Using words/sounds/signs to communicate ideas, thoughts, etc.
  •  Communication Model: Diagrams assisting in understanding communication processes

Definitions of Terms - continued

  •  Information: specific events/situations collected/obtained through communication, intelligence, or news reporting
  •  Media Literacy: Skill in reading, analyzing, evaluating, and producing various media forms
  •  Social Media: Electronic platforms for creating online communities for information and message sharing

Q3: Activity 2

  •  Choose one social media image and provide a two paragraph discussion on how the chosen image effectively conveys communication

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Lesson 1: Media and Communication PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on various communication theories and models as outlined in the passage. This quiz covers key concepts like the Shannon-Weaver Model and the Osgood-Schramm Model, as well as the evolution of communication in the 21st century. Prepare to explore the relationship between media and communication.

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