WK 2: Communication Systems: Hormone vs Nervous System
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Questions and Answers

What percentage of bound hormones is biologically active?

  • 10-50%
  • 90-99.9%
  • 0.1-10% (correct)
  • 50-90%

    • What is the mechanism by which hormones stimulate production of intracellular compounds?

  • Entirely dependent on the half-life of the hormone
  • Triggering or regulating cell activity through changes in ion permeability
  • Altering gene expression to change the amount of key enzymes or other proteins produced
  • Stimulating production of intracellular compounds through second messengers (correct)

    • What is the duration of action of hormones such as adrenaline and angiotensin II?

  • Minutes to hours
  • Seconds to minutes (correct)
  • Days to weeks
  • Hours to days

    • What is the mechanism by which hormone release is regulated in feedback systems?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between hormone and nervous system communication around the body?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of neurotransmitters in terms of their duration of action?

    <p>Milliseconds to seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of action of the Sympathetic Nervous System?

    <p>Minutes to hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a local tissue factor that can influence neurotransmission?

    <p>Histamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do hormones differ from nervous system communication?

    <p>Hormones are slower, while nervous system communication is faster</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of neurons are involved in the interplay in the CNS?

    <p>Dopaminergic, glutamatergic and cholinergic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a neurotransmitter that is also a hormone?

    <p>Adrenaline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of hormone-secreting cells?

    <p>In the endocrine glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of nervous system communication?

    <p>Often brief effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of autonomic control?

    <p>Heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of hormone communication?

    <p>Often maintained effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a motor nerve fiber?

    <p>To innervate multiple muscle fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between hormone and nervous system communication?

    <p>Hormones have a slower onset of action, while the nervous system has a rapid onset of action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of skeletal muscle?

    <p>Composed of multiple muscle fibers innervated by motor nerve fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between hormones and neurotransmitters in terms of communication?

    <p>Hormones communicate with distant cells, while neurotransmitters communicate with adjacent cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of steroid hormones in the body?

    <p>Cholesterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following glands is not an endocrine gland?

    <p>Stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of transport for water-soluble hormones in the bloodstream?

    <p>In solution in plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stimulates the release of hormones in the body?

    <p>Both neural and chemical stimuli, as well as other hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of 'releasing hormones' in the body?

    <p>To regulate the release of other hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of acetylcholine nicotinic receptors in the neuromuscular junction?

    <p>To increase the conductance of Na+ ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the magnitude of effect of neurotransmitters?

    <p>The period of availability in the synapse and post-synaptic receptor availability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the amount of neurotransmitter available in the synapse regulated?

    <p>Through reuptake and degradation of the neurotransmitter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between the autonomic nervous system and the somatic nervous system?

    <p>The type of receptors activated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of acetylcholinesterase in the neuromuscular junction?

    <p>To break down acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the autonomic nervous system regulate heart rate?

    <p>Through the release of acetylcholine, decreasing heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

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