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Questions and Answers
What is the primary consideration of the Critical viewpoint in communication?
Which viewpoint treats communication as merely sending a message to a receiver?
What do cognate areas in communication studies investigate?
How did the discipline of communication emerge after World War II?
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Which viewpoint is primarily concerned with the exchange of messages between a sender and a receiver?
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What does the term 'biocommunication' refer to?
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What aspect does the Mechanistic viewpoint fail to address in communication?
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Which of the following best describes the focus of the Psychological viewpoint on communication?
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What phenomenon describes the tendency for people to make decisions based on first impressions?
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In Muzafer Sherif's research, what is primarily suggested to influence people's decisions?
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What is a common factor that leads to intergroup conflicts according to social psychology?
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What social experiment suggests observing how others react when a person stares at a random spot on the ground?
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What does the 'Violinist in the Metro' experiment illustrate about social perception?
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Which of the following social experiments investigates the reactions of people who copy someone's body language?
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What impact does the halo effect have on first impressions?
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What does social psychology primarily study regarding human behavior?
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What psychological phenomenon explains why individuals are less likely to act when other people are present?
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What does the Diffusion of Responsibility Concept suggest?
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Which social psychology experiment involved children playing in a forest to study group behavior?
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What is a core purpose of a social experiment?
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What is the false consensus effect?
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Why might group settings lead to decreased individual action during emergencies?
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Which aspect is NOT a characteristic of social experiments?
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How do social psychologists typically approach questions about intergroup conflict?
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What is the Understanding of communication from a phenomenological perspective?
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Which tradition of communication sees it as the practical art of discourse?
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In what way do social constructionists view reality?
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How is empirical knowledge typically attained, as per positivist perspectives?
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What is a key characteristic of cognitive behavioral therapy?
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What type of communication focuses on the flow of information?
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What term describes the mental blocks preventing goal achievement?
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What role does epistemology play in communication theories?
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What does cognitive distortion refer to?
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Which of the following exemplifies dichotomous thinking?
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Selective abstraction in cognitive distortions involves what?
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Minimization in cognitive distortions can be described as:
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What fundamental role do cognitive distortions play in Aaron Beck's theory?
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Which of the following is a consequence of dichotomous thinking?
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Who first noted the concept of cognitive distortions?
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What happens when someone focuses too much on failures or achievements, according to cognitive distortions?
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Study Notes
Communication Studies
- Communication studies, formerly known as communication, has evolved from several disciplines, including psychology, journalism, rhetoric, sociology, anthropology, and semiotics
- The study also includes biocommunication, which analyzes communicative processes in organisms like bacteria, animals, fungi, and plants
- Information theory, which offers a mathematical model for measuring communication within and among systems, is a cognate area
Communication Theories
- Three major perspectives on communication:
- Critical: Communication as a source of power and oppression
- Mechanistic: Communication as a perfect transmission of messages from sender to receiver
- Psychological: Communication as the act of sending a message and the receiver's feelings and thoughts
- Individual theories provide frameworks for understanding communication within their specific contexts
Social Psychology Experiments
- Classic social psychology experiments provide insights into human behavior in groups and how social pressures influence individual actions
- Common themes explored in social psychology:
- Conflict between groups: Resulting from competition, stereotypes, and prejudice
- Bystander effect: The tendency for individuals to be less likely to help when other people are present
- Diffusion of responsibility: When no one reacts, people take their cues from the group expecting no response is required
- False consensus effect: The tendency to believe our beliefs and actions reflect the majority of other people
- Halo effect: Making judgments based on a positive first impression
Social Experiments
- A social experiment is defined by its purpose and methods
- Its goal is to study human behavior in a social context
- Participants are placed in controlled situations to observe their responses to specific situations or events
Cognitive Distortions
- Cognitive distortions are mental blocks that prevent individuals from reaching their goals
- They are often unconscious and difficult to recognize due to conditioning
- Types of Cognitive Distortions:
- Magnification: Exaggerating the importance of negative events
- Minimization: Downplaying the importance of positive events
- Dichotomous thinking: Viewing the world in black and white terms (all good or all bad)
- Selective Abstraction: Focusing on negative aspects of a situation and ignoring the positive ones
- Overgeneralization: Drawing broad conclusions based on a single instance
- Emotional reasoning: Believing that feelings reflect reality
- Should statements: Setting rigid expectations and feeling guilt when those expectations are not met
- Labeling: Defining oneself or others based on perceived flaws
- Personalization: Blaming oneself for events that are outside of one's control
- Catastrophizing: Assuming the worst-case scenario will occur
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
- Aaron Beck's Cognitive Therapy or Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is a treatment approach for depression that focuses on identifying and challenging cognitive distortions
- It is effective throughout the lifespan for learners, adolescents, and adults
- It can be implemented in various formats: self-help, online, and face-to-face therapy
- CBT addresses ineffective thinking styles and teaches coping skills to manage difficult emotions and situations
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Description
Explore the diverse fields that comprise communication studies, including psychology, sociology, and semiotics. Delve into essential communication theories and their perspectives, from critical to mechanistic views. Additionally, examine the role of social psychology in shaping communication practices.
