Communication Processes and Principles

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Questions and Answers

What does the Latin word communicare translate to in English?

  • To express
  • To inform
  • To connect
  • To share (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of verbal communication?

  • Involves text messages and emails
  • Can involve nonverbal signals (correct)
  • Includes both writing and speaking
  • Depends on words to deliver meaning

What best defines nonverbal communication?

  • The transfer of meaning without any words (correct)
  • Exclusively written correspondence
  • Only the spoken aspect of communication
  • The use of words to convey meaning

How is oral communication characterized compared to written communication?

<p>It allows for tonal variation and inflection. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes ethics from morals in communication?

<p>Ethics are universally accepted, whereas morals vary by culture. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of communication, what is the primary purpose of symbols?

<p>To facilitate the exchange of information (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the elements of communication?

<p>Involves symbols, context, and interpretation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can one become a better communicator according to the principles outlined?

<p>By learning and applying communication concepts in various contexts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which communication model assumes a one-way process from sender to receiver?

<p>Linear Model (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the transactional model of communication, what influences how people communicate?

<p>The time element (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of communication occurs within oneself?

<p>Intrapersonal Communication (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes a communication process involving two persons who alternate roles of sender and receiver?

<p>Dyadic Communication (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term best describes communication that includes both verbal and non-verbal exchanges?

<p>Interpersonal Communication (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum number of participants required for small group communication?

<p>Three (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one characteristic that distinguishes the transactional model from other models of communication?

<p>It emphasizes a feedback loop. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does NOT typically occur in interpersonal communication?

<p>Internal thought processing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage do some researchers believe nonverbal communication accounts for in all communication?

<p>55 percent (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of the communication process involves converting ideas into symbols?

<p>Encoding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following elements is NOT part of the eight stages of communication?

<p>Interpretation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of downward communication?

<p>It involves the flow of communication from superiors to subordinates. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is primarily involved in the 'Channel' step of the communication process?

<p>The medium used to convey the message (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of communication mainly addresses interpersonal relationships in an informal context?

<p>Informal communication (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what context is visual communication least likely to stand alone?

<p>Education (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of communication do individuals from different departments at various levels collaborate?

<p>Crosswise approach (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect does NOT typically influence the context of communication?

<p>Sender's age (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the feedback play in the communication process?

<p>It is the receiver's response to the message (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What constitutes informal structure in organizational communication?

<p>Spontaneous discussions and unplanned interactions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which form of communication relies heavily on the receiver's interpretation?

<p>Visual communication (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which principle suggests that attempting not to communicate still conveys a message?

<p>Interpersonal communication is inescapable. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes formal communication from informal communication?

<p>Formal communication employs precise language and structure. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of upward communication?

<p>It constitutes a flow of information from subordinates to superiors. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of communication is essential for coordination among coworkers at the same level?

<p>Horizontal communication (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes morals from ethics?

<p>Morals are personal codes whereas ethics are societal rules. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of 'individual dignity' in communication ethics?

<p>Being considerate of others and not causing them loss of dignity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of ethics in communication, what does 'accuracy' imply?

<p>Disclosing all relevant information, regardless of its impact. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of communication ethics addresses the power dynamics between individuals?

<p>Use of power (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'relative truth' in ethical communication?

<p>Truth can vary based on individual perspectives. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the concept of 'accountability' in communication ethics require?

<p>Being responsible for the accuracy of information shared. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ethical consideration of 'access to information' prevents which of the following?

<p>Communication that hinders others' access to information. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which principle emphasizes that both the sender and receiver have ethical responsibilities in communication?

<p>Audience (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Communication Processes, Principles, and Ethics

  • Communication serves as the vital link in society, essential for understanding and interaction.
  • English is highlighted as a key language for success in effective communication.
  • Effective communication can be improved by understanding its nature, elements, and functions.

Nature of Communication

  • Derived from the Latin communicare, meaning "to share."
  • Involves conveying meanings through signs, symbols, and semiotic rules.
  • Key definitions encompass exchanging information, creating meaning, and human symbolic interaction.

Forms of Communication

  • Verbal Communication:
    • Relies on spoken or written words.
    • Includes written (emails, texts) and oral (face-to-face, phone) forms.
  • Nonverbal Communication:
    • Transmits meanings without words, through body language, expressions, and touch.
    • Accounts for approximately 55% of communication.
  • Visual Communication:
    • Utilizes imagery, graphs, and illustrations to share meaning.
    • Often allows for personal interpretation by the audience.

Communication Process

  • Comprised of eight stages: source, message, encoding, channel, decoding, receiver, feedback, and context.
  • Context includes environment, relationships, cultural backgrounds, and topic of discussion.

Elements of Communication

  • Sender: Initiates the message.
  • Message: The information shared.
  • Channel: The medium of communication.
  • Receiver: The individual or group receiving the message.
  • Effect: The intended impact of the communication.

Models of Communication

  • Linear Model: One-way communication from sender to receiver.
  • Interactive Model: Two-way process allowing feedback between sender and receiver.
  • Transactional Model: Dynamic exchange over time, recognizing both parties as communicators.

Types of Communication

  • Intrapersonal Communication: Self-reflection and internal dialogue.
  • Interpersonal Communication: Interaction between two or more people, including dyadic and small group communication.
  • Formal Communication: Follows designated channels within organizations.
  • Informal Communication: Unofficial messaging, often resembling "grapevine" information flow.

Intercultural Communication

  • Occurs between individuals from diverse backgrounds impacting message interpretation and non-verbal cues.

Principles of Communication

  • Interpersonal communication is inherent and unavoidable.
  • Distinction between morals (personal codes) and ethics (societal standards).
  • Ethics ensure civilized interactions, while morals guide individual behavior.

Ethics in Communication

  • Key principles include:
    • Mutuality: Balance needs of self and others.
    • Individual Dignity: Avoid causing embarrassment or harm.
    • Accuracy: Share complete and truthful information.
    • Access to Information: Facilitate open communication.
    • Accountability: Take responsibility for communication outcomes.
    • Audience Responsibility: Both senders and receivers hold ethical obligations.
    • Relative Truth: Acknowledge varied perspectives.
    • Ends vs. Means: Ethical methods must align with communication goals.
    • Use of Power: Recognize responsibilities when in positions of authority.
    • Rights vs. Responsibilities: Balance personal rights with collective responsibilities.

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