Questions and Answers
Which type of communication requires the use of spoken words and includes methods like face-to-face conversations or telephonic discussions?
Which principle in ethical communication emphasizes the importance of being receptive to different viewpoints?
What aspect of communication context includes elements such as psychological, social, and cultural factors?
Which of the following concepts is focused on minimizing ambivalence and enhancing clarity in messages?
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Identification of barriers in communication would include which of the following as a literal barrier?
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What do artifacts primarily communicate about an individual?
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Which type of communication focuses on a speaker attempting to influence a large audience?
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Which proxemic zone is typically maintained for interactions involving acquaintances?
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Which of the following non-verbal cues is primarily concerned with expressing emotions and reactions?
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In which of the following scenarios does intrapersonal communication occur?
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Study Notes
Communication Processes
- Encoding: Translating a message for transmission; involves crafting sentences during communication.
- Decoding: Receiver's interpretation of the sender’s thoughts and ideas, translating them into meaningful understanding.
- Channel: The medium or technology used for transmitting messages.
- Feedback: Recipient's response to received messages; can be immediate or delayed.
- Barriers: Factors obstructing clear communication, can be literal (e.g., distracting noises) or figurative (e.g., receiver's resistance).
- Context: Observable conditions affecting communication, including physical, psychological, social, and cultural factors.
Principles of Ethical Communication
- Integrity: Maintain honesty and transparency in communication.
- Access: Ensure everyone can participate in communication.
- Diversity: Respect different perspectives and privacy.
- Open-mindedness: Be willing to consider alternative viewpoints.
- Accountability: Take responsibility for communication actions.
- Freedom of Expression: Encourage the open sharing of ideas.
Seven C’s of Communication
- Completeness: Provide all necessary information for understanding.
- Clarity: Ensure messages are easily understood.
- Conciseness: Be brief; avoid unnecessary words.
- Correctness: Use accurate information and language.
- Coherence: Maintain logical flow and connections in communication.
- Courtesy: Communicate respectfully and politely.
- Concreteness: Use specific facts and figures to support messages.
Types of Communication
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Verbal Communication: Transmitting messages through spoken or written words; guided by KISS (Keep It Short and Simple).
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Oral Communication: Involves spoken words via conversations, speeches, and electronic mediums; influenced by elements like pitch and volume.
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Proxemic Zones (Hall, 1966):
- Intimate Zone: 0” – 1.5’
- Personal Zone: 1.5 – 4’
- Social Zone: 4’ – 12’
- Public Zone: 12’ – infinity
- Chronemics: Use of time in communication, indicating status and relationships.
- Artifacts: Personal belongings convey messages about identity and values.
- Movements: Non-verbal cues through body language, including gestures and facial expressions.
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Proxemic Zones (Hall, 1966):
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Oral Communication: Involves spoken words via conversations, speeches, and electronic mediums; influenced by elements like pitch and volume.
Levels of Communication
- Intrapersonal Communication: Internal dialogue influencing thoughts, feelings, and decisions.
- Interpersonal Communication: Interaction between two or more individuals; informal exchanges or discussions.
- Small Group Communication: Interaction within groups that leads to decision-making and problem-solving.
- Public Communication: A speaker addressing an audience to inform, persuade, or motivate.
Written Communication
- Involves transmitting messages through written symbols (e.g., emails, reports).
- Most common in business communication.
- Advantages: Can be edited, provides a record, allows receiver to understand clearly.
- Disadvantages: Lacks immediate feedback; requires more time to compose.
Nonverbal Communication
- Involves sending or receiving messages without words, using body language, tone, and facial expressions.
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Elements:
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Vocalics/Paralanguage: Use of vocal tone, pitch, and volume to convey meaning.
- Vocal Characterizers: Actions like laughing, whispering, or sighing.
- Vocal Qualifiers: Aspects like tempo and intensity of speech.
- Vocal Segregates: Short sounds or pauses used in speaking.
- Proxemics: The use of physical space to communicate intimacy or distance.
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Vocalics/Paralanguage: Use of vocal tone, pitch, and volume to convey meaning.
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Elements:
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Description
Test your understanding of the key concepts in communication, including encoding, decoding, channels, and feedback. This quiz will help reinforce how messages are transmitted and the impact of barriers on communication. Perfect for students of communication studies!
