Communication Chapter 15: Persuasion

Chapter 15: Persuasion

• Persuasion aims to influence an audience's opinion.
• Types of persuasive speeches include questions of policy, value, and fact.
• Argument types include example, analogy, definition, and relationship.
• Monroe's Motivated Sequence includes attention, need, satisfaction, visualization, and action.

Chapter 5: Hearing vs. Listening

• Hearing involves sound waves received by the ear/brain.
• Listening is the process of receiving and understanding messages (from words or text).
• Listening types include: discriminate, critical, comprehensive, appreciative, and empathetic.
• HURIER is a model for listening that includes hearing, understanding, remembering, interpreting, evaluating, and responding.

Chapter 2: Perception & Perceptual Bias

• Perception is the process of understanding the world.
• Perceptual biases include selective attention and exposure (focusing on similar beliefs, values, and ideas).
• Selective perception and memory involve filtering information to fit existing needs and expectations.
• Schemas are mental structures from past experiences that help respond to stimuli.
• Prototypes, stereotypes, interpersonal constructs, and scripts are types of schemas.
• Self-concept is a general perception of oneself.

Chapter 8: Small Group Communication

• Small groups consist of 3 or more people working interdependently.
• Group development stages include forming, norming, storming, performing, and adjourning.
• Small group roles include initiator, information-giver, orienter, and recorder.

Chapter 6: Culture & Diversity

• Cultures have rules, traditions, common practices, & rituals.
• Cultural characteristics include context (high or low), values (individualistic or collectivist), power distance, and uncertainty avoidance.
• Masculinity vs. femininity and long-term vs. short-term orientation represent cultural value dimensions.
• Cultural competence and perception checking are essential for diversity.
• Barriers to communication can occur due to diverse characteristics.

Chapter 7: Interpersonal Communication

• Interpersonal communication is a process where two or more people interact and exchange messages.
• Relationship formation is influenced by physical (attractiveness) and social attraction (actions, personality).
• Social exchange theory suggests relationships are based on cost-benefit comparisons.
• Social penetration theory describes how relationships progress through layers of self-disclosure.
• Personal perspectives and turning points affect relationships. This includes imagined trajectories being accelerated or arrested, intermediate, or prolonged changes in a relationship.
• Relational cultures and climate influence communication interactions (dialectics of autonomy/connectedness and novelty/predictability and openness/closedness).

Chapter 9: Organizational Communication

• Organizational communication involves members developing, maintaining, and modifying practices.
• Communication networks (formal and informal) and channels (face-to-face, written, mediated, mass media) transmit messages.
• Workplace culture influences employee behaviors, thinking, and actions with various artifacts, assumptions, and values.
• Workplace socialization, through stages (anticipatory, assimilation, and exit), guides new employees towards adapting to workplace norms and expectations.

Chapter 10: New Media

• New media enables personalized and interactive communication.
• New media includes technological interfaces that allow users to communicate and interact. This includes characteristics like being interactive, personalized, creative, flexible and always evolving.

Theory of Self-Presentation

• Self-identity is a developed attribute, not inherent.
• Methods of presenting identity online include screen names, email, blogs, personal profiles, social media, and self-disclosure.