Communication Chapter 1

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Questions and Answers

What is the rule of 7 plus/minus 2 concerning working memory?

People can hold 5 to 9 items in their working memory. (correct)

People can hold 3 to 7 items in their working memory.

People can remember only one item effectively at a time.

People can hold 10 to 12 items in their working memory.

Why is chunking information beneficial in a business setting?

It allows individuals to remember more than the average capacity.

It maximizes the amount of text that can be used in presentations.

It reduces the total amount of information presented.

It simplifies complex data for easier understanding. (correct)

Which knowledge is essential for becoming a critical consumer of media?

Memorizing the history of all media formats.

Recognizing different media forms and their societal impact. (correct)

Understanding how communication can affect economic decisions.

Focusing solely on the technical aspects of media production.

What should a communication professional prioritize in workplace communication?

Understanding unique qualities and effective communication requirements. Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is important to understand for effective storytelling in communication?

Recognizing various storytelling structures. Signup and view all the answers

What is defined as the process by which a sender encodes a message to be transmitted to a receiver?

Communication Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the ability to effectively use communication technology?

Digital literacy Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Dennis Diderot in the context of written culture?

He advanced mass printing for knowledge dissemination Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes interpersonal communication?

Exchanging information among two or more people Signup and view all the answers

What are the three steps involved in the perception process?

Selection, categorization, and interpretation Signup and view all the answers

What is netiquette?

Polite behavior on the internet Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes oral culture from written culture?

Oral culture is passed down verbally Signup and view all the answers

What is a turn construction unit in the context of communication?

A unit of speech recognized by a listener from a speaker Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the concept of copyright?

Author's exclusive right to distribute their work Signup and view all the answers

Why is understanding the effects of different mediums on communication significant?

Different mediums can alter the message's meaning Signup and view all the answers

How does the domain of speech affect communication?

It influences the speaker’s representation of their message Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by participatory culture?

Engagement of fans in creating popular culture Signup and view all the answers

What is a global village?

The idea of being part of a global community Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes hard news?

It answers the who, what, when, where, and why of a story. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a way governments control speech?

Through the regulation of media access Signup and view all the answers

What did Aristotle believe about ethical behavior?

It is based on finding balance between extremes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of soft news articles?

Expressing opinions and individual perspectives. Signup and view all the answers

Why are archetypes significant in storytelling?

They represent fundamental human experiences. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best characterizes the impact of TV as a medium?

It has become the most powerful communication medium in history Signup and view all the answers

What role does aesthetics play in communications mediums?

It helps to create a more immersive audience experience. Signup and view all the answers

According to William Labov, what is the main goal of a narrative?

To provide a chronological account of events. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes media types in storytelling?

Certain media are better suited for specific narratives. Signup and view all the answers

What aspect does medium aesthetics seek to establish?

Criteria for determining quality in a genre or format. Signup and view all the answers

How did Facebook impact internet communication?

It revolutionized the way people interacted online. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term synaesthesis refer to in the context of understanding aesthetics?

The merging of senses to perceive the world Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the primary objective of high culture?

To express and provide insight into the human condition Signup and view all the answers

Why is clarity essential in business communication?

To minimize errors and promote precision Signup and view all the answers

What principle does the Goldilocks rule emphasize in business communication?

Balancing the amount of information to meet communication goals Signup and view all the answers

What is a key benefit of understanding audience needs in business communication?

To meet organizational goals successfully Signup and view all the answers

Who is Alexander Baumgarten and what is his significance in the field of aesthetics?

A German philosopher who revolutionized the understanding of aesthetics Signup and view all the answers

What do design principles accomplish in media content creation?

They guide the development of effective media formats Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately contrasts high culture and mass culture?

Mass culture aims at large audiences for profit, whereas high culture seeks to offer profound insights. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary distinction between fame and celebrity?

Fame refers to widespread recognition of character, while celebrity involves a possibly inaccurate public image. Signup and view all the answers

How has social media impacted celebrity culture?

It has facilitated easier access to gaining a following and achieving fame. Signup and view all the answers

What does Metcalfe's law state about network value?

The value of a network increases exponentially as more users join. Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'convergence' in the context of communication technology?

The ability to produce, transmit, and receive media through the same technologies. Signup and view all the answers

Why is the Digital Divide significant?

It highlights disparities in access to important technologies among communities. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'mass celebrity' refer to, exemplified by Susan Boyle?

A person who becomes famous abruptly, often through viral platforms. Signup and view all the answers

What was one effect of the invention of moveable type on communication?

It enabled faster and cheaper printing of literature. Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of the five stages of adoption refers to individuals who are skeptical about new technology?

Laggards Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Chapter 1

Essential Question: Why is the study of communication significant now?
Fact 1: A medium is an intervening technology facilitating communication/human expression. Understanding how mediums affect messages is crucial.
Fact 2: Interpersonal communication involves exchanging information, ideas, and feelings verbally or nonverbally between two or more people. It's used extensively daily.
Fact 3: Digital literacy is the ability to use communication technology proficiently, accessing and understanding information on digital platforms. This is vital with advancing technology and internet use.
Fact 4: Communication is the encoding of a message by a sender, transmitted through a medium, and decoded by a receiver. This is used daily and essential for life.
Concept: Oral culture vs. written culture: Oral culture is passed down verbally; written culture, with written records, is important because it was a significant shift in communication.
Person: Dennis Diderot, a French philosopher, attempted to capture knowledge of the Enlightenment in writing, and this was a crucial step in the development of written culture, enabled by mass printing.

Chapter 2

Essential Question: What is the structure of unmediated face-to-face communication, and what skills are needed?
Fact 1: Perception is a three-step process: selection, categorization, and interpretation. This is vital in how people interpret messages from others.
Fact 2: A turn construction unit is a complete unit of speech recognizable by a listener. These cues drive interpersonal conversations.

Chapter 3

Essential Question: What frameworks do people use to understand communication's impact?
Fact 1: Judicial rhetoric is used to determine truth/falsity of past events, often used for public persuasion
Fact 2: Hegemony is when a societal group gains control over another by making social relationships seem equitable; this can be related to media and culture.
Fact 3: Ceremonial rhetoric deals with praise or blame in present situations. It's vital for developing and clarifying ideas.
Fact 4: Deliberative rhetoric determines if a future action should be undertaken.
Concept: "Magic bullet" / "hypodermic needle" theory: Explains the idea that media injects messages into viewers, leading to immediate and anticipated/unanticipated effects.
Person: Elihu Katz: researched and determined that the media does not affect everyone directly, rather the media impacts certain groups of people.

Chapter 4

Essential Question: What are the key ethical and legal rules shaping communication?
Fact 1: Restrictions on speech depend on domain (public, private), type (expressive, political, commercial).
Fact 2: Netiquette is important online behavior.
Fact 3: Two domains of speech exist: public and private. The domain affects how the speakers delivers the message.
Fact 4: Copyright is authors' exclusive rights to distribute works.
Concept: Controlling Speech: Controlling speech can involve controlling content, access, audience, and who speaks.

Chapter 5

Essential Question: Role of communication in forming social identities?
Fact 1: Ethnic press communicates experiences within ethnic groups to outsiders.
Fact 2: A global village is the idea of a worldwide community.
Fact 3: Participatory culture involves audience engagement in the creation of popular culture.
Fact 4: Television became the most powerful medium due to its popularity in communication.
Concept: Social identities represent group identification, impacting how individuals perceive themselves and connect with others; this includes communities.
Concept: Communities are imagined, with a sense of belonging to a place or shared experience.

Chapter 6

Essential Question: What is the media's role in politics and the United States?
Fact 1: Political speech is crucial for self-governance.
Fact 2: Technology has significantly changed campaigning and governing.
Fact 3: Political advertising is a powerful form of political communication, but it also increases the costs of campaigns.
Fact 4: The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regulates electronic media, including television and the internet.
Concept: Negative advertising: This is advertising that aims to damage the reputation of an opponent, rather than directly supporting a candidate.
Concept: Open and free communication is crucial for democracy.

Chapter 7

Essential Question: Relationship between communication and economic practices?
Fact 1: The marketplace relies on the timely and accurate exchange of information.
Fact 2: Commodities are items that can be exchanged for money.

Chapter 8

Essential Question: What is the nature of celebrity and its relationship to media?
Fact 1: The development of mass celebrity was influenced by advancements in technology, such as the steam engine, telegraph, and the rise of photography.
Fact 2: Modern media, like the press and the radio, brought celebrities closer to the public.
Fact 3: Celebrity culture has been affected by open access to communication media, making fame more accessible.
Concept: Fame vs. celebrity: Fame is defined by reaching a broad audience with significant achievement or character whereas celebrity is public image creation that may not necessarily be true.

Chapter 9

Essential Question: How have technological changes shaped mass communication and types of content?
Fact 1: Movable type/printing press allowed faster and cheaper printing.
Fact 2: Convergence allows various media to be consumed from a single platform.
Fact 3: Technology adoption has five stages (innovators, early adopters, early majority, late majority, laggards).
Fact 4: Metcalfe's law: Network value increases exponentially with more users.
Concept: Digital Divide: Communities/people have unequal access to technology.

Chapter 10

Essential Question: Defining common forms and genres of media; why are differences significant?
Fact 1: Different media are better suited to certain stories.
Fact 2: Archetypes are universal story representations.
Fact 3: Story success is connected to content, communication channel, and conventional use.
Fact 4: Narrative and storytelling are essential for understanding ourselves and others.
Concept: Hard vs. soft news: Hard news is factual reporting, whereas soft news is opinions and perspectives.

Chapter 11

Essential Question: What principles/processes guide the development/evaluation of mediated content?
Fact 1: Aesthetics deals with beauty, value, style, and worth.
Fact 2: Medium aesthetics determine what constitutes good work in a specific genre or format.
Fact 3: Synaesthesis describes how senses combine to form experiences of the world.
Fact 4: Design principles guide the development of media content.

Chapter 12

Essential Question: Defining the characteristics and needs of business communication.
Fact 1: Audience focus is key for effective business communication.
Fact 2: Clarity is essential in business communication.

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Description

Explore the significance of communication in today's world with this quiz based on Chapter 1. Understand key concepts like the impact of mediums, interpersonal communication, and digital literacy. Test your knowledge of oral vs. written culture and the essentials of message encoding and decoding.