Communication Basics

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What term describes the person or group that creates the message in the communication process?

Noise

Decoder

Receiver

Encoder (correct)

Which element of communication refers to the way the message is transformed into a comprehensible format?

Decoding

Feedback

Encoding (correct)

Noise

Which function of communication primarily deals with transmitting values and culture within a society?

Socialization (correct)

Interpretation

Mobilization

Surveillance

In the context of communication, what does the term 'noise' refer to?

Interference that disrupts message clarity Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called when the receiver interprets and understands a message?

Decoding Signup and view all the answers

Which level of communication involves internal thought processes such as speaking aloud or writing to oneself?

Intrapersonal Communication Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the response from the receiver regarding the message they have received?

Feedback Signup and view all the answers

Which function of communication is associated with providing news and information?

Surveillance Signup and view all the answers

What type of behavior do purveyors of values encourage?

Environment-friendly behavior Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common career opportunity in advertising?

Retail marketing Signup and view all the answers

Which media format is considered part of nontraditional media in advertising?

Transit ads Signup and view all the answers

What is a core ethical standard that advertisements should adhere to?

Respectfully engage with the audience Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of public relations as a process?

Building mutually beneficial relationships Signup and view all the answers

Which terminology is preferred in public relations, referring to the audience involved?

Publics Signup and view all the answers

What aspect does the management function in public relations primarily involve?

Researching and evaluating communication programs Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT an integral part of the public relations process?

Maintaining a monologue with the public Signup and view all the answers

How does McQuail define an audience by place?

As in the audience of a community newspaper. Signup and view all the answers

Which typology of media-person interactions is focused on emotional release?

Diversion Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a gratification that audiences seek from using media?

Increased competition Signup and view all the answers

To which of the following does 'surveillance' relate in McQuail's typology?

Gathering information Signup and view all the answers

Which communication need is focused on resolving misunderstandings?

To build understanding or change a behavior Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a paid advertising tool?

Outdoor ads Signup and view all the answers

What role does 'media relations' play in communication tools?

Regular contact with journalists and media outlets. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a method of organizational communication?

Direct mail Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the gratifications related to identity formation through media?

Lifestyle expression Signup and view all the answers

Which communication tool seeks to provide free information to the public?

Public service announcements Signup and view all the answers

What does governance primarily ensure in a society?

Efficient resource allocation Signup and view all the answers

Which agency provides accurate and timely information to enable citizens' participation in the democratic process in the Philippines?

Philippine Information Agency Signup and view all the answers

What is an executive order?

A declaration by the president or governor with the force of law Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of corporate communication in the private sector?

To create and maintain a company's business image Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a method through which the Philippine government communicates with its citizens?

Public protests Signup and view all the answers

What defines the term 'private sector'?

Industries run by individuals and companies Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes 'corporate communication'?

A strategy to communicate and maintain a business image Signup and view all the answers

Who is the highest-ranking official in the Office of the President of the Philippines?

The Executive Secretary Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a tool for communication in schools?

Barangay ordinances Signup and view all the answers

Which media type is known for its cost-effectiveness and low demand on literacy skills?

Radio Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic does new media NOT possess?

Regular periodical appearance Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a primary characteristic of social media as a subtype of new media?

Dominated the mass media landscape Signup and view all the answers

What form of communication does a town fiesta represent?

Community Communication Signup and view all the answers

What aspect distinguishes film as a mass medium?

It reaches a large part of the population, including rural areas. Signup and view all the answers

Which communication method primarily relies on visual and auditory channels?

Broadcast Media Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining feature of new media compared to traditional media?

Ubiquity and de-location Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a type of internet-based application?

Report Writing Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary obligations of journalism according to the principles outlined?

To seek truth Signup and view all the answers

Which principle emphasizes the importance of journalists maintaining independence?

Its practitioners must maintain independence from those they cover. Signup and view all the answers

What right allows journalists to keep their sources confidential?

The right to protect the identity of sources Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents a responsibility in the code of conduct for journalists?

Truthfulness of information Signup and view all the answers

What does the principle of providing a forum for public criticism emphasize?

Serving as a watchdog over the government Signup and view all the answers

What is a key element included in the code of ethics for journalists?

Seeking truth and reporting it Signup and view all the answers

Which principle states that journalism should keep news comprehensive and proportional?

It must keep the news comprehensive and proportional. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Communication

Communication originates from the Latin word communis, meaning "to make common" or "to share/impart."
It's a two-way process typically initiated by a source and responded to by a receiver.

Elements/Transmission Models of Communication

Sender/Source: A person, group, or institution creating or producing a message. Also known as the encoder.
Message: The ideas or meanings, expressed verbally or nonverbally.
Channel: The medium used to transmit messages (e.g., radio, television).
Receiver: The intended recipient of the message; also known as the decoder.
Encoding: The process of creating a message in a form understandable by the receiver.
Decoding: The process of interpreting the message.
Noise: Interference that prevents a message from being accurately understood or interpreted.
Context: The situation where communication occurs, including social and cultural factors, the communicators roles, and more.
Feedback: The receiver's response or reaction to the message.
Effect: The consequence or result of a communication act, or lack thereof.

Functions of Communication

Surveillance: Providing news and information.
Interpretation: Analysis, commentary, and context of messages.
Socialization: Transmission of values, culture, and education.
Entertainment: Relaxation, reward, diversion, and reducing tension.
Mobilization: Generating public action on social issues.

Levels of Communication

Intrapersonal: Internal communication within an individual (e.g., thoughts, self-talk).
Interpersonal: Communication between two or a small number of people (e.g., family).
- Dyadic: Between two people.
- Group: Between three or more people.
- Public: Between one person and a large audience (e.g., a lecture).
Mass Communication: Transmission of messages to a large audience using technology.
- Characteristics include a large, diverse, anonymous audience; mediation by a mass medium (e.g., TV, radio); and organization by media institutions producing cultural products.

Computer-mediated Communication

Communication through computers and Internet technologies (e.g., email, social media).

Advertising

What is advertising? Paid, mediated communication from an identifiable source, attempting to persuade a viewer/reader/listener to take an action.
Key elements: Mediated (using a medium), actions (desired behavior changes), and functions (e.g., information transmission, economic stimulus, promoting values).

Career Opportunities in Advertising

Account management, research, creative, production, media, and planning.
Related roles found in advertising-related media (e.g., TV, print, online).

Professional and Ethical Standards in Advertising

Advertisments should not: undermine public trust in authorities; promote violence; disparage or ridicule groups or individuals by personal characteristics (e.g., gender, race); or depict harmful activities (e.g., drinking, smoking).

Public Relations

Public Relations: Strategic communication process that develops mutually beneficial relationships between organizations and their publics.
Key points in definition: Mutual benefit, strategic process, emphasis on relationships, preferable to management function, and focus on publics over stakeholders.
Management function: Conducting research, action planning and evaluation, and generating public understanding.
Aims: To influence or change public policy.

Standards and Responsibilities (of public relations)

Maintaining ethical conduct, safeguarding trust, avoiding conflicts of interest.

Public Relations Society of the Philippines Code of Ethics

Professional conduct emphasizing public interest, accuracy, and good taste.
Upholding laws, morals, good customs, and client/employer interests.

Audiences and their Communication Needs

Who is the audience? People who consume media content (e.g., TV shows, newspapers).
Factors forming audiences: Shared social context and responses to media content.
Audience definitions: By location, demographic groups, particular media, message content, and time of consumption.
Media-person interactions: Motivation for media use includes diversion, relationship building, fulfilling personal needs, and reinforcing beliefs.

Gratifications of Audiences from Using Media

Needs satisfied by media consumption: Information, guidance, diversion, social contact, reinforcement of values, cultural satisfaction, emotional release.

Communication Needs of Organizations

Needs of organizations seeking communication: informing, changing behavior, resolving conflict, image building, and reducing barriers between groups.

Communication Tools

Communication tools (for organizations): Printed materials, media relations, mailing lists.
Communication tools for organizations(page 10) Print: brochures, pamphlets, posters, newsletters, Media: annual reports, contact with journalists, mailing lists, interviews, news conferences, talk shows, feature articles Online: website, letters to the editor, PSAs: Public Service Announcements, in cable TV/Radio Community Relations Direct Mail, Public Speaking, AV presentations, personal contacts,

Communication Media Levels (by type of media)

Print media: Newspapers, regular/periodical appearance, news content, individual/group reading.
Broadcast media: Radio (cost-effective, low literacy demands, portability, background medium, accessibility), and TV (next to radio in popularity).
New Media: Interactive, using the internet, accessible, for mass and personal communication.
Social media: Internet-based applications including social networking, collaborative projects, content communities, virtual games, virtual social world technologies.

Journalism

What is journalism? Gathering, reporting, and dissemination of news through mass media.
Functions: Informer/interpreter; instrument of government, "fourth estate", public critic of government, advocate/policy watchdog.
Principles: Commitment to truth, loyalty to citizens, verification, independence, monitoring power, public forum, comprehensiveness, proportionality, and personal conscience.

Rights of Journalists

Rights: Free access to information, investigating stories, source confidentiality, publishing without punishment, forming/holding opinions.

Code of Conduct for Journalists

Truthful and clear information, defending public rights, responsible public opinion formation, respecting sources, prohibition of discrimination and bribery, respect for privacy.
Respecting universal values, diversity, and cultures.

Career Opportunities in Journalism

Opportunities in print and broadcast media (e.g., reporters, editors, photographers).

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

This quiz covers the fundamental elements of communication, including the roles of the sender, message, channel, receiver, and the processes of encoding and decoding. Understanding these concepts is essential for effective interpersonal and mass communication. Test your knowledge of communication models and terminology.