Communication and Globalization

• Communication and Globalization revolves around the concept of increasing interdependence among various parts of the world
• Globalization enables an understanding of transformation, advancement, and interdependence.
• Chen (2005) suggests that changes will continue to increase and challenge fundamental beliefs.
• People need global communication competence, which can be acquired through knowledge and skills

Communicative competence

• The ability to function in a truly communicative setting.
• Knowledge of effective and appropriate communication patterns, and the ability to use and adapt knowledge in various contexts.
• Synthesis of an underlying system of knowledge and skills needed for communication.

Swain and Canale's Concept on Competence

• Competence refers to the conscious and unconscious knowledge of an individual about language and other aspects of language use
• Components of Communicative Competence:
  • Grammatical competence
  • Sociolinguistic competence
  • Discourse competence
  • Strategic competence

Grammatical Competence

• Refers to Noam Chomsky's linguistic competence.
• Dell Hymes defines it as what is formally possible
• Encompasses grammatical and lexical capacity.

Sociolinguistic Competence

• Involves understanding the social context in which communication occurs.
• This includes role relationships, shared information, and the communicative purpose of the interaction.

Discourse Competence

• Enables the interpretation of individual message elements in terms of their interconnectedness.
• Allows meaning to be represented in relation to the entire discourse.

Strategic Competence

• The coping strategies communicators use to initiate, terminate, maintain, repair, and redirect communication

Cooley and Roach's Concepts on Communication Competence

• Defines communication competence as the knowledge of effective and appropriate communication patterns
• It also encompasses the ability to use and adapt that knowledge in various contexts
• Three parts: knowledge, ability to use, and adapt to various contexts

Knowledge

• Cognitive elements of competence include knowing how to do something (Hargie, 2011).
• Observing and evaluating the actions of others can develop both cognitive and behavioral competence.
• Can be anchored on experiential and classroom knowledge

Ability to Use

• Individual factors affect the ability to do anything.
• A person's physiological and psychological characteristics affect competence.
• Factors that help or hinder the application of knowledge to actual communication behaviors

Adapt to Various Contexts

• Competence varies based on social and cultural contexts, making it impossible to have one standard for communication competence.
• Social variables (status and power) and cultural variables (race and nationality) affect competence

Expected skills for college graduates (NCA)

• State ideas clearly
• Communicate ethically
• Recognize when it is appropriate to communicate
• Identify their communication goals
• Select the most appropriate and effective medium of communication
• Demonstrate credibility
• Identify and manage misunderstandings
• Manage conflict
• Be open-minded about other's point of view
• Listen attentively

Global Communication Competence (Chen, 2005)

• Competence refers to the ability of individuals to relate effectively to self and others in daily life.

• Communication competence is an innate individual trait unrelated to personal intellect or education

• It is an internal ability enhanced through the promotion of empathy in socialization

• It requires individuals to be equipped with the ability to acknowledge, respect, tolerate and integrate cultural differences and be qualified for enlightened global citizenship (EGC).

• Chen (2005) developed a "model of global communication competence."

• Enables individuals to search for vision, shared understanding, and a sense of multiple identities

Global Mindset

• A psychological process representing patterns of individual or group thinking.
• It is a fixed mental attitude that leads people to see things and events from a specific lens through perception and reasoning.
• Culturally sensitive, open, knowledgeable, critical and holistic thinkers, and flexible

Unfolding the Self

• The ability to look for shared communication symbols.
• Project the self into another person's mind by thinking the same thoughts, feelings, and emotions.
• Includes ceaseless purifying, continuous learning, cultivate sensitivity, develop creativity, and foster empathy.

Mapping the Culture

• The ability to contrast cultural differences that may motivate a preference for alternative styles of cultural expressions.
• Engenders a desire to retool to function better in the global environment and cope with its changing demands.
• Includes bewilderment of the differences, frustration of the differences, cognitive analysis, and emphatic immersion

Aligning the Interaction

• Requires individuals to foster cultural adroitness to function effectively and appropriately without violating norms and rules of a global civic society
• Includes effectiveness and appropriateness

Globalization

• An unavoidable feature of modernity and development.

• Promotes the development and prevalence of digital technologies that make communication faster and information accessible.

• Prophesied by Heidegger (1950).

• Associated with deterritorialization

• Linked to the growth of social interconnectedness across geographical and political boundaries

• Must also include a reference to the speed or velocity of social activity.

• Should be conceived as a relatively long-term process

• Should be understood as a multi-pronged process

Features of Globalization (Thompson, 1995)

• The emergence of transnational communication conglomerates as key players in the global system.
• The social impact of new technologies, especially those associated with satellite communication.
• The asymmetric flow of information and communication products within the global system
• The variations and inequalities in terms of access to the global networks of communication

Major trends in globalization (Chen, 2005)

• Technology development has made globalization inevitable and irreversible.
• Economic transformation has led to a new landscape in the economic world.

Impact of Globalization

• Ability to use language accurately and appropriately is a requirement of a globalizing society.
• Understanding the dynamics of long-distance collaboration, the impact of culture on speaking/body language, and technology use.

Virtual Interactions

• A major part of workplace dynamics
• Entrepreneurs need to understand strengths and limitations of different communication media
• Modern entrepreneurs need to understand the strengths and limitations of different communications media, and how to use each medium to maximum effect.

Cultural awareness in speech

• The need for cultural awareness is a major impact of globalization on the required skillset of effective communicators
• Modern entrepreneurs and employees need the ability to catch subtle nuances of people's manner of speech when communicating across cultures
• Cultural differences can affect vocabulary, colloquial expressions, voice tone, and taboo topics

Cultural differences in body language

• Awareness of cultural differences in body language is as important as the nuances of speech
• Students should understand acceptable speaking distances, conflict styles, eye contact, and posture in different cultures
• Accepted that the physical expressions of their own culture are not universally accepted
• These differences should be addressed to avoid difficulties or miscommunication

Time differences

• Global collaboration introduces the need to communicate and share information with people across several time zones
• Being able to effectively share information between shifts can make or break productivity

The role of media in globalization

• plays a significant role in constructing and representing the phenomenon of globalization and subsequently changing educational and learning processes

Roles of Media

• Enables communication in real time over great distances.
• Advances the 21st century into the globalization of communication
• The emergence of electronic media and the digital media has brought about a radical change on how education is perceived

Language and Globalization

• Language continues to evolve
• Language keeps on developing as people are becoming more literate in the global world
• The 21st-century language has become the language that exists in the global world

Terminologies in the Globalizing Society:

• Chat room: Internet feature for real-time communication.
• Computer Literacy: Ability to use computers; internet literacy.
• Cyberspace: World Wide Web.
• Digital Citizenship: Creation of conscious critical integration; utilizing technology.
• Digital Competence: Confidence and critical use of information technology.
• Digital Immigrants: Adults adapting while retaining their language; born before widespread tech.
• Digital Natives: Young, native speakers of digital language; born in tech era.
• Digital Skills: Ability to evaluate technological solutions
• Emoji: New alphabet; pictograph.
• Emoticon: Words without letters conveying emotional responses.
• Ethnoscape: Landscape of persons forming the shifting world.
• Hyperpersonal Communication: Computer-mediated, more socially desirable than face-to-face.
• Ideoscape: The movement of ideologies
• Mediascape: electronic and print media in global cultural flows
• Mediamorphosis: transformation of communication media
• OMG: Oh My God!
• Selfie: an ego-maniacal madness; gives focus on an individual
• Streaming Multimedia: live audio and video available on a website
• Technoscape: movement of technology
• Telematic Network: convergence of telecommunications and information processing
• Virtual Community: exists in electronic communication rather than in the physical world
• Virtual Reality: use of computer to simulate an experience in a way that is obscure from reality