Communication and Culture Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is one primary function of culture within a society?

It discourages the learning of new customs.

It transmits social heritage to future generations. (correct)

It serves to isolate individuals from one another.

It reduces the complexity of social interactions.

The term 'culture' is derived from which Latin word?

Civitas

Civicus

Cultura

Colere (correct)

How is culture primarily developed according to the information provided?

By individual preferences and desires.

Through innate biological factors.

From imposed educational systems.

As a product of social interaction. (correct)

What occurs if a culture is lost?

The identity of the members may be compromised. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes culture's influence on behavior?

It streamlines behavior according to socially approved norms. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately represents the relationship between culture and individual identity?

Culture is a determinant that shapes personality and identity. Signup and view all the answers

What indicates that no nation is culture-free?

Culture includes customs, traditions, and values. Signup and view all the answers

Why is culture considered a social heritage?

It is transmitted from one generation to another. Signup and view all the answers

What is the essence of culture as an adaptive mechanism?

Culture serves as a means for humans to adapt to their environment. Signup and view all the answers

How is cultural relativism best defined?

Understanding practices in the context of their culture. Signup and view all the answers

What does the principle of cultural relativity encourage?

Understanding actions shared within a culture to predict behavior. Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of classism in society?

A normalcy of inequitable treatment based on class. Signup and view all the answers

How should the appropriateness of customs be evaluated according to cultural relativism?

Based upon their fit with habits of other groups. Signup and view all the answers

What role does technology play in the cultural system?

It is the sum of techniques that shape behavior concerning resources. Signup and view all the answers

What phenomenon does classism exemplify in society?

Inequitable treatment and normalization of class differences. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about culture is correct?

Culture is an abstraction that analyzes shared individual behaviors. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the Transmission View of Communication?

The process of imparting or sending information Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, which aspect does the module NOT address in relation to media's influence?

Public health Signup and view all the answers

What concept is associated with the idea of 'imparting' or 'transmitting' information?

Transmission View of Communication Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of media in relation to culture as stated in the content?

Media shapes and influences cultural perceptions. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following elements is included in the module's objectives?

Define communication as culture Signup and view all the answers

What was John Dewey’s perspective on communication?

Communication is the most wonderful of all things. Signup and view all the answers

What does the module suggest we should do regarding media content?

Critically analyze media content. Signup and view all the answers

In what way were the movement of goods and information similar in the 19th century?

Both were viewed as forms of communication. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common issue regarding indigenous people and cultural minorities in the media?

They are represented in documentaries or cultural celebrations only. Signup and view all the answers

Which religious tradition is notably overrepresented in Philippine media?

Christianity Signup and view all the answers

What stereotype is often perpetuated by media portrayals of Islam in the Philippines?

Muslims are frequently linked to terrorism in news coverage. Signup and view all the answers

According to Julia T. Wood, which of the following themes does NOT accurately describe media representation of gender?

Women are often portrayed in a powerful, leading role. Signup and view all the answers

In what way does media representation often impact perceptions of gender roles?

It supports traditional gender roles and normalizes violence against women. Signup and view all the answers

What ethical aspiration should media strive for in representation?

Fair gender portrayal in addition to accuracy and honesty. Signup and view all the answers

What is a pervasive influence of media in shaping views of men and women?

It communicates unrealistic and limiting perceptions of gender. Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe the cultural preference for white actors in Philippine media?

Mestizo casting Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary criticism of media research that relies on self-reporting?

It can only show correlation. Signup and view all the answers

What does Cultivation Theory mainly suggest about media exposure?

It cultivates viewers' perception of reality over time. Signup and view all the answers

According to the two-step flow of communication model, who primarily influences the wider population's opinions?

Opinion leaders. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'mainstreaming' refer to in Cultivation Theory?

Heavy viewers developing similar outlooks. Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant outcome of Albert Bandura's Bobo doll experiment?

It revealed children's behavior could mimic adult violence in a lab setting. Signup and view all the answers

In what context does Cultivation Theory typically analyze media effects?

Across different media forms including newspapers and films. Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'resonance' in relation to Cultivation Theory?

The amplification of media effects through real-life experiences. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between the two-step flow model and the hypodermic needle model?

The hypodermic needle model involves no opinion leaders. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Communication as Culture

Communication is described as one of the most wonderful things in the world
There are two perspectives on communication: the transmission view and the ritual view
The transmission view of communication focuses on transmitting and distributing information over distances for control

Understanding Culture

Culture is about how society transmits knowledge, problems, and experiences to future generations
Culture is considered a fundamental element of society and encompasses tangible and intangible aspects, such as art, customs, beliefs, and social norms
Culture acts as a medium that guides human actions and provides meaning to what we do
Culture is constructed through social interactions and provides patterns for our basic needs
Culture is passed from generation to generation within a society

Culture as Abstraction

Culture is an abstract concept derived from the collective behavior of individuals and the way a population engages in its activities.
Culture is not a group of people or a complete system of behavior, but rather a conceptual abstraction that allows us to analyze shared patterns of behavior among social groups.

Culture as Adaptive Mechanism

Culture enables humans to adapt to their environments
The nature of a cultural system is shaped by the interplay of technology and environment
Technology refers to the techniques and practices used by society members to gather resources, process materials, and create tools, food, clothing, and other necessary goods.

Cultural Relativism

Cultural relativism emphasizes understanding human practices and institutions within their cultural context.
Cultural relativism encourages predicting behaviors of those who share that culture and fosters better understanding between different people
The appropriateness of customs should be evaluated based on how they fit within the broader context of a culture

Classism refers to unfair and unequal treatment based on social class
Class is socially constructed, which means it is a system established by society, shaping our understanding of wealth and poverty
Media representation can perpetuate class stereotypes and biases
Indigenous people and cultural minorities are often underrepresented in media, and when they are depicted, it’s often in documentaries or cultural celebrations.

Media and Religion

Religious stereotypes are prevalent in all forms of media, across various religions
Media depictions of religions can be influenced by secular viewpoints and some religious groups may perceive new media as threats to traditional beliefs.
Media often stereotypically portray religions, and the coverage of religious issues is often uneven, with some faiths being largely underrepresented

Media, Gender, and Sexuality

Media plays a significant role in shaping our perceptions of men and women
Media perpetuates stereotypical and limiting representations of gender roles
Women are often underrepresented, reinforce traditional roles and normalize violence against women in media
Research on media and gender often relies on content analysis and surveys, which can be unreliable in establishing causation
The Bobo doll experiment found that children's violence can be modelled on adult behavior in a laboratory setting

Cultivation Theory

Cultivation theory suggests that long-term media exposure can subtly influence viewers' perceptions of reality
Television is seen as a socializing force that shapes individuals’ roles and behaviors
Cultivation theory highlights three entities: institutions, messages, and the public
The theory applies to multiple media forms, including newspapers, film, and photographs
Heavy media consumption can lead to a shared worldview among certain groups, known as mainstreaming.
Media content can amplify its effect for certain groups when it resonates with their real-life experiences
Marginalized groups are often under-represented and over-victimized in media

Two-Step Flow Model

The two-step flow model of communication suggests that most people form their opinions through interactions with ‘opinion leaders’ who are influenced by mass media
The model contrasts with the hypodermic-needle or magic-bullet theory, which posits a direct impact of mass media on individuals.
Opinion leaders play a role in the flow of information by interpreting media content and sharing their perspectives.

Conclusion

The text explores how media influences culture, highlighting the impact on social class, race, ethnicity, religion, gender, and sexuality.
The text also discusses different theories of media influence, including cultivation theory and the two-step flow model.
The text emphasizes the importance of being critical consumers of media and recognizing the power of media to shape our perceptions and beliefs.

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Description

Explore the intricate relationship between communication and culture through various perspectives. Understand how culture serves as a medium for transmitting knowledge, beliefs, and practices within society. This quiz delves into the abstract nature of culture and its importance in shaping human behavior.