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Questions and Answers
What is one primary function of culture within a society?
The term 'culture' is derived from which Latin word?
How is culture primarily developed according to the information provided?
What occurs if a culture is lost?
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Which of the following best describes culture's influence on behavior?
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Which statement accurately represents the relationship between culture and individual identity?
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What indicates that no nation is culture-free?
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Why is culture considered a social heritage?
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What is the essence of culture as an adaptive mechanism?
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How is cultural relativism best defined?
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What does the principle of cultural relativity encourage?
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What is a consequence of classism in society?
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How should the appropriateness of customs be evaluated according to cultural relativism?
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What role does technology play in the cultural system?
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What phenomenon does classism exemplify in society?
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Which of the following statements about culture is correct?
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What is the primary focus of the Transmission View of Communication?
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According to the content, which aspect does the module NOT address in relation to media's influence?
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What concept is associated with the idea of 'imparting' or 'transmitting' information?
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What is the significance of media in relation to culture as stated in the content?
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Which of the following elements is included in the module's objectives?
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What was John Dewey’s perspective on communication?
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What does the module suggest we should do regarding media content?
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In what way were the movement of goods and information similar in the 19th century?
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What is a common issue regarding indigenous people and cultural minorities in the media?
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Which religious tradition is notably overrepresented in Philippine media?
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What stereotype is often perpetuated by media portrayals of Islam in the Philippines?
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According to Julia T. Wood, which of the following themes does NOT accurately describe media representation of gender?
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In what way does media representation often impact perceptions of gender roles?
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What ethical aspiration should media strive for in representation?
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What is a pervasive influence of media in shaping views of men and women?
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What term is used to describe the cultural preference for white actors in Philippine media?
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What is a primary criticism of media research that relies on self-reporting?
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What does Cultivation Theory mainly suggest about media exposure?
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According to the two-step flow of communication model, who primarily influences the wider population's opinions?
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What does the term 'mainstreaming' refer to in Cultivation Theory?
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What was a significant outcome of Albert Bandura's Bobo doll experiment?
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In what context does Cultivation Theory typically analyze media effects?
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What is meant by 'resonance' in relation to Cultivation Theory?
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What is a key difference between the two-step flow model and the hypodermic needle model?
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Study Notes
Communication as Culture
- Communication is described as one of the most wonderful things in the world
- There are two perspectives on communication: the transmission view and the ritual view
- The transmission view of communication focuses on transmitting and distributing information over distances for control
Understanding Culture
- Culture is about how society transmits knowledge, problems, and experiences to future generations
- Culture is considered a fundamental element of society and encompasses tangible and intangible aspects, such as art, customs, beliefs, and social norms
- Culture acts as a medium that guides human actions and provides meaning to what we do
- Culture is constructed through social interactions and provides patterns for our basic needs
- Culture is passed from generation to generation within a society
Culture as Abstraction
- Culture is an abstract concept derived from the collective behavior of individuals and the way a population engages in its activities.
- Culture is not a group of people or a complete system of behavior, but rather a conceptual abstraction that allows us to analyze shared patterns of behavior among social groups.
Culture as Adaptive Mechanism
- Culture enables humans to adapt to their environments
- The nature of a cultural system is shaped by the interplay of technology and environment
- Technology refers to the techniques and practices used by society members to gather resources, process materials, and create tools, food, clothing, and other necessary goods.
Cultural Relativism
- Cultural relativism emphasizes understanding human practices and institutions within their cultural context.
- Cultural relativism encourages predicting behaviors of those who share that culture and fosters better understanding between different people
- The appropriateness of customs should be evaluated based on how they fit within the broader context of a culture
Media and Social Classes
- Classism refers to unfair and unequal treatment based on social class
- Class is socially constructed, which means it is a system established by society, shaping our understanding of wealth and poverty
- Media representation can perpetuate class stereotypes and biases
- Indigenous people and cultural minorities are often underrepresented in media, and when they are depicted, it’s often in documentaries or cultural celebrations.
Media and Religion
- Religious stereotypes are prevalent in all forms of media, across various religions
- Media depictions of religions can be influenced by secular viewpoints and some religious groups may perceive new media as threats to traditional beliefs.
- Media often stereotypically portray religions, and the coverage of religious issues is often uneven, with some faiths being largely underrepresented
Media, Gender, and Sexuality
- Media plays a significant role in shaping our perceptions of men and women
- Media perpetuates stereotypical and limiting representations of gender roles
- Women are often underrepresented, reinforce traditional roles and normalize violence against women in media
- Research on media and gender often relies on content analysis and surveys, which can be unreliable in establishing causation
- The Bobo doll experiment found that children's violence can be modelled on adult behavior in a laboratory setting
Cultivation Theory
- Cultivation theory suggests that long-term media exposure can subtly influence viewers' perceptions of reality
- Television is seen as a socializing force that shapes individuals’ roles and behaviors
- Cultivation theory highlights three entities: institutions, messages, and the public
- The theory applies to multiple media forms, including newspapers, film, and photographs
- Heavy media consumption can lead to a shared worldview among certain groups, known as mainstreaming.
- Media content can amplify its effect for certain groups when it resonates with their real-life experiences
- Marginalized groups are often under-represented and over-victimized in media
Two-Step Flow Model
- The two-step flow model of communication suggests that most people form their opinions through interactions with ‘opinion leaders’ who are influenced by mass media
- The model contrasts with the hypodermic-needle or magic-bullet theory, which posits a direct impact of mass media on individuals.
- Opinion leaders play a role in the flow of information by interpreting media content and sharing their perspectives.
Conclusion
- The text explores how media influences culture, highlighting the impact on social class, race, ethnicity, religion, gender, and sexuality.
- The text also discusses different theories of media influence, including cultivation theory and the two-step flow model.
- The text emphasizes the importance of being critical consumers of media and recognizing the power of media to shape our perceptions and beliefs.
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Description
Explore the intricate relationship between communication and culture through various perspectives. Understand how culture serves as a medium for transmitting knowledge, beliefs, and practices within society. This quiz delves into the abstract nature of culture and its importance in shaping human behavior.