Communicable Diseases Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the main way Salmonella harms the body?

  • By attacking cells and reproducing inside them (correct)
  • By boosting immune response
  • By flushing out toxins
  • By releasing histamines

Skin can block all pathogens from entering the body.

False (B)

What type of pathogen causes a common cold?

virus

The __________ is a method our body uses to prevent infection through physical barriers.

<p>skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the pathogens with their type:

<p>Salmonella = Bacterial Common Cold = Viral Measles = Viral Bacterial Meningitis = Bacterial</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of disease is associated with pathogens?

<p>Communicable diseases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Toxins released by bacteria can damage body tissues.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three factors needed for good health?

<p>Physical, mental, and social well-being</p> Signup and view all the answers

The types of pathogens that live and reproduce inside living cells are called _______.

<p>viruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

Does poor health affect our chances of catching an infectious disease?

<p>Yes, it makes us more susceptible. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following pathogens with their characteristics:

<p>Viruses = Require living cells to reproduce Bacteria = Can be harmful or beneficial Fungi = Often cause infections in damp environments Protozoa = Single-celled organisms that can be pathogenic</p> Signup and view all the answers

SARS-CoV-2 is considered a living organism because it can replicate.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the effects of alcohol and smoking on health.

<p>They can cause various health issues including respiratory problems, liver disease, and increased risk of cancers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of cilia in the trachea and bronchi?

<p>To push mucus towards the lungs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cilia in our respiratory system work by trapping pathogens.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe what role mucus plays in the respiratory system.

<p>Mucus traps pathogens and helps protect the respiratory system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The function of skin in the human body is to act as a __________ defense against pathogens.

<p>non-specific</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does tar from cigarettes have on cilia?

<p>Stops them from working (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the defense mechanism to its description:

<p>Skin = Non-specific barrier against pathogens Mucus = Traps pathogens in the respiratory system Cilia = Moves mucus out of the trachea Stomach acid = Destroys pathogens that enter the digestive system</p> Signup and view all the answers

Stomach acid can trap pathogens in the digestive system.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What makes our body's barriers non-specific defenses?

<p>They work on more than one type of pathogen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of cilia in the respiratory system?

<p>To beat and push mucus out of the respiratory tract (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Our skin allows most viruses to enter the body.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to Salmonella bacteria when they enter the body?

<p>They reproduce rapidly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cilia and mucus in our trachea and bronchi trap and remove _______ we breathe in.

<p>bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the pathogen to its corresponding non-specific barrier:

<p>Cold virus = Cilia and mucus Salmonella = Stomach acid Bacteria = Skin Measles virus = Skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a method of defense against cold viruses?

<p>Stomach acid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Stomach acid has no effect on bacteria that pass through the digestive system.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a cold virus enters the body, it will be able to reproduce ________.

<p>rapidly</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Communicable diseases

Diseases caused by pathogens that spread from one person to another.

Pathogens

Tiny organisms that can cause disease. Examples include viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites.

Viruses

A type of pathogen that invades and replicates inside living cells.

Toxins

Harmful substances produced by some bacteria that damage tissues.

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Good health

A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

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Impact of poor health on infections

A weaker immune system and increased susceptibility to catching infectious diseases.

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Non-specific defense mechanisms

Barriers that prevent pathogens from entering the body, such as skin, mucous membranes, and stomach acid.

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Specific immune response

The body's ability to recognize and destroy specific pathogens through immune cells and antibodies.

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Bacteria

A type of pathogen that is a single-celled organism with a distinct cell wall. They can reproduce independently and produce toxins, causing damage to the body.

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Skin

A protective barrier that prevents entry of pathogens into the body. It offers the first line of defense against infection.

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Cilia

Tiny hair-like structures that line the respiratory tract, helping to trap and move pathogens and mucus out of the body. This act of sweeping pathogens out of the body helps prevent infections.

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Non-specific defense

A barrier that works against many different types of pathogens. For example, the skin prevents a wide range of bacteria and viruses from entering the body.

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Mucus

A sticky liquid in the respiratory system which traps pathogens (disease-causing agents) like bacteria and viruses.

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Stomach acid

Acid found in the stomach that destroys pathogens entering through the digestive system, preventing them from causing illness.

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Specific defense

A barrier to pathogens that is specific to a particular type of pathogen. For example, antibodies target a specific virus or bacteria.

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Skin as a barrier

The skin acts as a barrier, preventing bacteria and viruses from entering the body and causing infections.

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Cilia's role in defense

Cilia in the trachea beat and move mucus containing trapped pathogens out of the body, preventing them from reaching the lungs.

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Cigarette tar's effect on cilia

Tar from cigarettes can coat cilia, preventing them from working properly. This can lead to an increased risk of respiratory infections.

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Non-specific barrier

This type of defense mechanism is not specific to any particular pathogen, but works against a wide range of them.

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Study Notes

Communicable Diseases

  • Communicable diseases are spread by pathogens
  • Pathogens include viruses

Pathogen Characteristics

  • Some pathogens live and reproduce inside cells
  • Bacteria can damage tissues by producing toxins

Factors for Good Health

  • Physical, mental, and social well-being are needed for good health

Poor Health and Infectious Diseases

  • Poor health increases the chance of catching infectious diseases

Virus Reproduction

  • Bacteria and viruses reproduce quickly in the body

Body Defense Systems

  • The body has non-specific barriers to defend against pathogens
  • Barriers include skin, hairs in the nose, cilia in the trachea and bronchi, and stomach acid

Pathogen damage to body cells

  • Viruses attack body cells, reproduce inside them then destroying them.
  • Bacteria can produce toxins that harm body tissues

SARS-CoV-2

  • SARS-CoV-2 is a virus that causes COVID-19
  • It does not make toxins
  • It replicates inside animal cells

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