Common Types of Cancer and Anticancer Agents
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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of anticancer agents?

  • Drugs used to treat cancer or neoplastic disease (correct)
  • Agents that target tumorigenic molecules
  • Drugs that induce multidrug resistance
  • Agents that prevent the spread of cancer

What is the main difference between cytotoxic and cytostatic anticancer drugs?

  • Cytotoxic drugs exhibit strong anticancer effects, while cytostatic drugs show low sensitivity rates in drug sensitivity tests (correct)
  • Cytostatic drugs inhibit tumor growth, while cytotoxic drugs mainly exhibit anticancer effects in clinical situations
  • Cytostatic drugs easily induce multidrug resistance, while cytotoxic drugs show better survival benefits
  • Cytotoxic drugs target tumorigenic molecules, while cytostatic drugs exhibit strong anticancer effects

Which of the following is an example of an anticancer agent?

  • Bleomycin (correct)
  • Paracetamol
  • Aspirin
  • Ibuprofen

Which type of anticancer drug shows better survival benefits for patients?

<p>Cytostatic anticancer drugs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main drawback of cytotoxic anticancer drugs?

<p>They easily induce multidrug resistance (MDR) and are often useless in terms of a patient's survival benefits (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main enzyme responsible for the catabolism of 5-FU?

<p>Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the major human metabolite of 5-FU?

<p>alpha-fluoro-beta-alanine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which metabolite of 6-Mercaptopurine requires bioactivation by Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase?

<p>6-MPMP (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does Fluorine play in 5-FU's mechanism of action?

<p>Blocks the conversion of uridylate to thymidylate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process leads to inhibition of synthesis and function of DNA and RNA by 5-FU?

<p>Incorporation into growing chains (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is involved in the alkylation of DNA?

<p>Abstraction of the NH proton followed by rearrangement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action for cyclophosphamide?

<p>Cell cycle–nonspecific alkylating agent (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a major metabolite of cyclophosphamide?

<p>Phosphoramide mustard (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is responsible for bladder toxicity associated with cyclophosphamide?

<p>Acrolein (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for co-administering mesna with cyclophosphamide?

<p>To reduce bladder toxicity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about ifosfamide compared to cyclophosphamide?

<p>It has a higher risk of neurotoxicity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of neurotoxicity associated with ifosfamide?

<p>Production of chloroacetaldehyde (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason gemcitabine is considered a potent radiosensitizer?

<p>It enhances the cytotoxicity of cisplatin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic of cladribine contributes to its efficacy in treating chronic lymphocytic leukemia and nonHodgkin’s lymphoma?

<p>Presence of a 2-chloro group on the adenine ring (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does leucovorin (folinic acid) enhance the antitumor activity of 5-fluorouracil?

<p>Enhances the formation of ara-CTP metabolites (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which interaction is associated with pretreatment with methotrexate?

<p>Enhancing the formation of ara-CTP metabolites (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What adverse effect is associated with the combination of fludarabine and pentostatin?

<p>Increased incidence of fatal pulmonary toxicity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which property of gemcitabine prevents it from crossing the blood-brain barrier effectively?

<p>Metabolism into 2 , 2 -difluorouridine (dFdU) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary metabolite of Taxol (paclitaxel) and how is it formed?

<p>6-hydroxypaclitaxel, formed by CYP3A4 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for the para hydroxylation of Taxol's phenyl group?

<p>CYP3A4 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which patients are more likely to have a greater degree of para hydroxy metabolite of Taxol due to metabolism differences?

<p>Patients with liver disease (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of epipodophyllotoxins, derivatives of podophyllotoxin?

<p>Inhibition of microtubule function (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the major route of metabolism for Irinotecan when used in colon cancer treatment?

<p>Conjugation reactions in phase II metabolism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antineoplastic drug leads to the formation of stereoisomeric hydroxyoxazolidinones and an oxazolidinedione as part of its metabolism?

<p>Docetaxel (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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