Common Types of Cancer and Anticancer Agents

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What is the definition of anticancer agents?

Drugs used to treat cancer or neoplastic disease (correct)

Agents that target tumorigenic molecules

Drugs that induce multidrug resistance

Agents that prevent the spread of cancer

What is the main difference between cytotoxic and cytostatic anticancer drugs?

Cytotoxic drugs exhibit strong anticancer effects, while cytostatic drugs show low sensitivity rates in drug sensitivity tests (correct)

Cytostatic drugs inhibit tumor growth, while cytotoxic drugs mainly exhibit anticancer effects in clinical situations

Cytostatic drugs easily induce multidrug resistance, while cytotoxic drugs show better survival benefits

Cytotoxic drugs target tumorigenic molecules, while cytostatic drugs exhibit strong anticancer effects

Which of the following is an example of an anticancer agent?

Bleomycin (correct)

Paracetamol

Aspirin

Ibuprofen

Which type of anticancer drug shows better survival benefits for patients?

Cytostatic anticancer drugs Signup and view all the answers

What is the main drawback of cytotoxic anticancer drugs?

They easily induce multidrug resistance (MDR) and are often useless in terms of a patient's survival benefits Signup and view all the answers

What is the main enzyme responsible for the catabolism of 5-FU?

Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Signup and view all the answers

What is the major human metabolite of 5-FU?

alpha-fluoro-beta-alanine Signup and view all the answers

Which metabolite of 6-Mercaptopurine requires bioactivation by Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase?

6-MPMP Signup and view all the answers

What role does Fluorine play in 5-FU's mechanism of action?

Blocks the conversion of uridylate to thymidylate Signup and view all the answers

Which process leads to inhibition of synthesis and function of DNA and RNA by 5-FU?

Incorporation into growing chains Signup and view all the answers

What is involved in the alkylation of DNA?

Abstraction of the NH proton followed by rearrangement Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action for cyclophosphamide?

Cell cycle–nonspecific alkylating agent Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a major metabolite of cyclophosphamide?

Phosphoramide mustard Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is responsible for bladder toxicity associated with cyclophosphamide?

Acrolein Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for co-administering mesna with cyclophosphamide?

To reduce bladder toxicity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about ifosfamide compared to cyclophosphamide?

It has a higher risk of neurotoxicity Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of neurotoxicity associated with ifosfamide?

Production of chloroacetaldehyde Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason gemcitabine is considered a potent radiosensitizer?

It enhances the cytotoxicity of cisplatin Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic of cladribine contributes to its efficacy in treating chronic lymphocytic leukemia and nonHodgkin’s lymphoma?

Presence of a 2-chloro group on the adenine ring Signup and view all the answers

How does leucovorin (folinic acid) enhance the antitumor activity of 5-fluorouracil?

Enhances the formation of ara-CTP metabolites Signup and view all the answers

Which interaction is associated with pretreatment with methotrexate?

Enhancing the formation of ara-CTP metabolites Signup and view all the answers

What adverse effect is associated with the combination of fludarabine and pentostatin?

Increased incidence of fatal pulmonary toxicity Signup and view all the answers

Which property of gemcitabine prevents it from crossing the blood-brain barrier effectively?

Metabolism into 2 , 2 -difluorouridine (dFdU) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary metabolite of Taxol (paclitaxel) and how is it formed?

6-hydroxypaclitaxel, formed by CYP3A4 Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for the para hydroxylation of Taxol's phenyl group?

CYP3A4 Signup and view all the answers

Which patients are more likely to have a greater degree of para hydroxy metabolite of Taxol due to metabolism differences?

Patients with liver disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of epipodophyllotoxins, derivatives of podophyllotoxin?

Inhibition of microtubule function Signup and view all the answers

What is the major route of metabolism for Irinotecan when used in colon cancer treatment?

Conjugation reactions in phase II metabolism Signup and view all the answers

Which antineoplastic drug leads to the formation of stereoisomeric hydroxyoxazolidinones and an oxazolidinedione as part of its metabolism?

Docetaxel Signup and view all the answers