Common Rheumatologic and Autoimmune Diseases and Related Medications Quiz
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Questions and Answers

At what age range does the peak number of hip fractures occur for both sexes?

  • 70-74 years
  • 50-54 years
  • 60-64 years
  • 75-79 years (correct)
  • What percentage of men over the age of 50 globally are affected by osteoporosis?

  • 12.8%
  • 18.7%
  • 1.5%
  • 6.3% (correct)
  • How often do vertebral fractures caused by osteoporosis occur worldwide in men and women over 50?

  • Every 15 seconds
  • Every 20 seconds
  • Every 25 seconds
  • Every 22 seconds (correct)
  • What is the projected increase in worldwide incidence of hip fracture in men by 2050 compared to rates in 1990?

    <p>310%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do healthy bones play in the body?

    <p>Storing and supplying calcium, protecting vital organs, and providing space for bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age does bone mass reach its peak?

    <p>40</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor accelerates the process of bone mass decline?

    <p>A combination of genetics, hormonal status, physical activity, medication, and medical conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of women over the age of 50 globally are affected by osteoporosis?

    <p>&gt;20%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of bone marrow?

    <p>Producing red and white blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of osteoporosis on bone fractures for women over the age of 50 compared to men?

    <p>+15%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common form of primary osteoporosis?

    <p>Juvenile osteoporosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of postmenopausal osteoporosis?

    <p>Deficiency of estrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of osteoclasts in the bone remodeling cycle?

    <p>Resorption of old or damaged bone tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of fracture is associated with osteoporosis?

    <p>Fragility fracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often is the adult skeleton replaced through the bone remodeling cycle?

    <p>Every 10 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of secondary osteoporosis?

    <p>Caused by medical conditions, medications, and lifestyle changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medical condition is NOT associated with secondary osteoporosis?

    <p>Hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor almost doubles the risk of a future fracture in older people?

    <p>Previous fracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main impact of fragility fractures on older people?

    <p>Significantly impacted quality of life due to pain and disability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What approach can help prevent fragility fractures in older people?

    <p>Developing a falls prevention care plan for individuals at risk of falls and fractures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of the bone remodeling cycle involves resorption?

    <p>Resorption phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the activation of the resorption process in the bone remodeling cycle?

    <p>RankL pathway activation by osteoblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In osteoporosis, fragility fractures are most likely to result from which of the following?

    <p>A fall from standing height or less</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of primary osteoporosis?

    <p>Low bone density and microarchitectural deterioration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is the most common form of osteoporosis?

    <p>Postmenopausal osteoporosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of bone health assessment in older people?

    <p>To identify individuals at risk of developing fractures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medical conditions can cause secondary osteoporosis?

    <p>Ankylosing spondylitis and rheumatoid arthritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What promotes bone loss during the resorption phase of the bone remodeling cycle?

    <p>&quot;Destruction of bone tissue&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "Fragility fractures" in older people are associated with increased morbidity and mortality, primarily due to:

    <p>&quot;Pain and disability&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "Screening for osteoporosis" is an important measure for preventing fragility fractures because it helps in:

    <p>&quot;Identifying individuals at risk of fractures&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX)?

    <p>To assess the probability of incurring a hip or other major osteoporotic fracture over a 10 year period.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX) require clinicians to enter to estimate fracture probability?

    <p>Height and weight, medication history, smoking history, family history, and bone mass density (optional)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which laboratory investigation is associated with increased bone turnover and elevated levels in primary hyperparathyroidism?

    <p>Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the DXA radiology investigation?

    <p>To diagnose osteoporosis based on T score and bone mineral density (BMD).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to ask about the patient's diet, alcohol, and smoking history in the assessment of bone health?

    <p>To identify potential risk factors for osteoporosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be examined during the physical examination to assess bone health?

    <p>Posture, rheumatoid arthritis, and muscle strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which risk factor is used by the fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX) to estimate the probability of fracture?

    <p>Previous fracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do clinicians need to examine for in terms of posture during a bone health examination?

    <p>Any curvature (scoliosis) of the spine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be entered into the fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX) as part of clinical risk factors?

    <p>Age, sex, weight, previous fracture, parent fractured hip, current smoking, glucocorticoids, rheumatoid arthritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should laboratory investigations include as part of the bone profile examination?

    <p>Calcium, phosphate, magnesium, albumin and alkaline phosphatase</p> Signup and view all the answers

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