Common Organelles in Animal and Plant Cells

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Questions and Answers

Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of proteins and is found both free-floating and attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

  • Mitochondria
  • Golgi Apparatus
  • Ribosomes (correct)
  • Nucleus

What is the primary function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?

  • Lipid synthesis and detoxification (correct)
  • Production of ribosomes
  • Cellular respiration
  • Protein modification and transport

Which organelle is responsible for packaging and modifying proteins and lipids for transport within the cell?

  • Nucleus
  • Golgi Apparatus (correct)
  • Lysosomes
  • Mitochondria

Which of the following structures is found only in plant cells and is responsible for photosynthesis?

<p>Chloroplasts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the cell wall in plant cells?

<p>Structural support and protection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Nucleus

Controls cell activities and stores genetic information (DNA).

Ribosomes

Synthesize proteins; can be free-floating or attached to rough ER.

Mitochondria

Produces ATP (energy) through cellular respiration.

Chloroplasts

Conduct photosynthesis, converting sunlight into energy.

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Cell Wall

Provides structure, protection, and support; made of cellulose in plants.

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Study Notes

Common Organelles in Animal and Plant Cells

  • Nucleus: Controls cell activities, stores DNA
  • Nucleolus: Produces ribosomes within the nucleus
  • Nuclear Envelope: Double membrane with pores, regulates nuclear material exchange
  • Cytoplasm: Jelly-like substance, supports organelles, facilitates material movement
  • Cell Membrane (Plasma Membrane): Controls what enters/exits the cell (selective permeability)
  • Ribosomes: Synthesize proteins, can be free-floating or bound to rough ER
  • Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER): Modifies and transports proteins, studded with ribosomes
  • Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER): Synthesizes lipids, detoxifies harmful substances
  • Golgi Apparatus: Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins/lipids for transport
  • Mitochondria: Produces ATP (energy) through cellular respiration
  • Peroxisomes: Breaks down fatty acids, detoxifies harmful substances
  • Cytoskeleton: Provides cell shape, support, and movement
  • Vesicles: Small sacs for transporting materials within the cell

Organelles Unique to Plant Cells

  • Cell Wall: Provides structural support and protection, composed of cellulose
  • Chloroplasts: Conduct photosynthesis, converting light energy to chemical energy
  • Large Central Vacuole: Stores water, nutrients, and waste; maintains turgor pressure
  • Plasmodesmata: Small channels connecting plant cells, facilitating communication and transport

Organelles Unique to Animal Cells

  • Centrioles: Help organize spindle fibers during cell division
  • Small Vacuoles: Store nutrients, waste, and other substances (smaller than plant vacuoles)
  • Lysosomes: Digest waste, food particles, and old organelles (less common in plants)

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