Common Law: Origins, Development, and Examples
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Questions and Answers

During which century did the English common law originate?

  • 10th century
  • 8th century
  • 12th century (correct)
  • 15th century
  • Where was the single royal court for most of the country located during the early Middle Ages?

  • Westminster (correct)
  • Rome
  • Paris
  • Vienna
  • Who primarily developed the common law until the late 19th century?

  • Clergy
  • Legislators
  • Judges (correct)
  • Monarchs
  • Which system influenced the Anglo-Saxon legal system after the Norman Conquest?

    <p>Norman customary law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    From which period did the common law of England emerge largely after?

    <p>Norman Conquest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between common law and civil law systems?

    <p>Common law relies on court decisions and precedents, while civil law is largely codified and statutory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does common law promote stability and consistency?

    <p>By relying on precedent and legal traditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a benefit of common law in terms of court proceedings?

    <p>Shortening court proceedings due to reliance on precedent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which legal system allows for more adaptability to unforeseen situations?

    <p>Common law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does common law emphasize while still allowing some freedom for interpretation?

    <p>Emphasis on precedent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Common Law: The Body of Customary Law

    Common law is a legal system based on judicial decisions, customary practices, and precedents that have evolved over centuries. In this article, we will explore the origins, development, and examples of common law, as well as its differences from other legal systems like civil law and equity.

    Origins of Common Law

    The English common law originated in the early Middle Ages during the reign of King Henry II in the 12th century. It was developed in the King's Court (Curia Regis), which was the single royal court set up for most of the country at Westminster, near London. The common law evolved from procedural remedies, with rights eventually becoming primary over procedure. Until the late 19th century, common law was primarily developed by judges rather than legislators.

    Development of Common Law

    The common law of England was largely created in the period after the Norman Conquest of 1066. The Anglo-Saxon system, which consisted of local customs and church law, was influenced by the Normans, who brought a customary law from Normandy. This led to the development of a new body of rules based on local conditions.

    The common law system experienced integration with European Union (EU) law from 1973 to 2020, which had direct effects on the domestic law of the United Kingdom. However, the UK exited the EU in 2020 and is no longer subject to EU law.

    Common Law vs. Civil Law

    Common law stands in contrast to the legal system derived from civil law, which is widespread in continental Europe and elsewhere. In a common law system, court decisions and precedents play a significant role in developing the law, while in a civil law system, the law is largely codified and statutory.

    Examples of Common Law

    Common law is found at both the federal and state levels in the United States. For example, in the case of Gamble v. United States, the Supreme Court discussed the role of stare decisis in a common law system. At the state level, legislatures often codify common law rules from the courts of their state, either to give the rule permanence, to modify it, or to replace the outcome entirely with legislation.

    Benefits of Common Law

    Common law has several benefits, including stability and consistency, efficiency, adaptability to the unforeseen, and flexibility. It promotes stability and consistency by relying on precedent and legal traditions, and it is efficient because court proceedings can be shorter due to the reliance on precedent. Common law is also adaptable to the unforeseen and flexible, as it allows courts to address situations not originally predicted by lawmakers. Additionally, common law places an emphasis on precedent while allowing some freedom for interpretation.

    In conclusion, common law is a legal system based on customary practices, judicial decisions, and precedents that have evolved over centuries. It is currently used in the United States, Canada, India, Australia, and several other countries. Despite the existence of other legal systems like civil law, common law remains an important and influential component of many legal systems around the world.

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    Delve into the origins, development, and examples of common law, a legal system based on judicial decisions, customary practices, and precedents that has evolved over centuries. Explore its differences from civil law and equity, as well as its integration with EU law and its benefits such as stability, efficiency, adaptability, and flexibility.

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