Common Ions - Full List Flashcards

Category of Common Ions

• Ions are charged species formed by the loss or gain of electrons.
• Common ions have specific charges and play crucial roles in various chemical reactions.

Cationic Ions

• Ammonium: NH₄⁺, a positively charged ion derived from ammonia.
• Copper(I): Cu⁺, indicates copper with a +1 charge.
• Copper(II): Cu²⁺, indicates copper with a +2 charge.
• Iron(II): Fe²⁺, represents iron with a +2 charge.
• Iron(III): Fe³⁺, indicates iron with a +3 charge.
• Lead(II): Pb²⁺, signifies lead with a +2 charge.
• Lead(IV): Pb⁴⁺, signifies lead with a +4 charge.
• Aluminum: Al³⁺, signifies aluminum with a +3 charge.
• Barium: Ba²⁺, signifies barium with a +2 charge.
• Cadmium: Cd²⁺, indicates cadmium with a +2 charge.
• Calcium: Ca²⁺, indicates calcium with a +2 charge.
• Chromium(III): Cr³⁺, indicates chromium with a +3 charge.
• Cobalt(II): Co²⁺, denotes cobalt with a +2 charge.
• Lithium: Li⁺, indicates lithium with a +1 charge.
• Magnesium: Mg²⁺, indicates magnesium with a +2 charge.
• Mercury(I): Hg₂²⁺, a dimeric ion of mercury.
• Mercury(II): Hg²⁺, indicates mercury with a +2 charge.
• Nickel(II): Ni²⁺, indicates nickel with a +2 charge.
• Potassium: K⁺, indicates potassium with a +1 charge.
• Silver: Ag⁺, indicates silver with a +1 charge.
• Sodium: Na⁺, indicates sodium with a +1 charge.
• Strontium: Sr²⁺, indicates strontium with a +2 charge.
• Zinc: Zn²⁺, indicates zinc with a +2 charge.

Anionic Ions

• Acetate: C₂H₃O₂⁻, a key component in many organic reactions.
• Carbonate: CO₃²⁻, essential in buffering systems and biogeochemical cycles.
• Hydrogen Carbonate: HCO₃⁻, acts as a weak acid in various reactions.
• Chlorate: ClO₃⁻, often used in disinfectants and herbicides.
• Hydroxide: OH⁻, a strong base important in chemistry and biology.
• Nitrate: NO₃⁻, often found in fertilizers and plays a role in nitrogen cycles.
• Phosphate: PO₄³⁻, crucial for energy transfer and biological molecules.
• Sulfate: SO₄²⁻, important in biological systems and industrial processes.
• Permanganate: MnO₄⁻, a strong oxidizing agent used in organic chemistry.

Halide and Other Ions

• Bromide: Br⁻, frequently used in photography and agriculture.
• Chloride: Cl⁻, essential for maintaining fluid balance in living organisms.
• Hypochlorite: ClO⁻, commonly used in cleaning and disinfecting agents.
• Chlorite: ClO₂⁻, relevant in water treatment processes.
• Perchlorate: ClO₄⁻, used as an oxidizer in solid rocket propellants.
• Chromate: CrO₄²⁻, important in dye and pigment production.
• Cyanide: CN⁻, a highly toxic compound involved in several industrial processes.
• Dichromate: Cr₂O₇²⁻, used in photography and dyeing processes.
• Fluoride: F⁻, important in dental health and industrial applications.
• Iodide: I⁻, plays a vital role in thyroid function.

Additional Anions

• Nitrite: NO₂⁻, an intermediate in nitrogen cycle processes.
• Oxide: O²⁻, a key ion in the formation of most compounds that contain oxygen.
• Sulfite: SO₃²⁻, used as a preservative in food and drink.
• Sulfide: S²⁻, important in mineral formation and biochemical processes.
• Peroxide: O₂²⁻, often used as a bleaching agent and disinfectant.
• Tartrate: C₄H₄O₆²⁻, used in food additives and pharmaceuticals.
• Phosphide: P³⁻, a compound that may serve as a reducing agent.
• Phosphite: PO₃³⁻, relevant in agricultural fertilizers.
• Nitride: N³⁻, important in compound formation in semiconductors.
• Hydrogen Sulfide: HS⁻, known for its characteristic rotten egg smell and toxicity.