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Questions and Answers
What type of infection is the common cold?
What type of infection is the common cold?
Where does the common cold occur in the body?
Where does the common cold occur in the body?
Is the common cold considered a chronic condition?
Is the common cold considered a chronic condition?
Which of the following best describes the nature of the common cold?
Which of the following best describes the nature of the common cold?
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What is the primary cause of the common cold?
What is the primary cause of the common cold?
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How many colds do children contract on average per year?
How many colds do children contract on average per year?
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What is the maximum number of colds a child can have in a year?
What is the maximum number of colds a child can have in a year?
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Compared to adults, how much more frequently do children contract colds?
Compared to adults, how much more frequently do children contract colds?
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What type of headache may indicate sinusitis?
What type of headache may indicate sinusitis?
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How many colds do adults typically contract per year?
How many colds do adults typically contract per year?
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What symptom might require a referral for further investigations?
What symptom might require a referral for further investigations?
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What age group experiences more colds annually, children or adults?
What age group experiences more colds annually, children or adults?
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Which area is most associated with headaches that may indicate sinusitis?
Which area is most associated with headaches that may indicate sinusitis?
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In the context of headaches, what should be suspected if symptoms persist?
In the context of headaches, what should be suspected if symptoms persist?
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Which of the following is least likely to require further investigation?
Which of the following is least likely to require further investigation?
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What condition may indicate a compromised immune system?
What condition may indicate a compromised immune system?
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Which of the following medications is mentioned in relation to a compromised immune system?
Which of the following medications is mentioned in relation to a compromised immune system?
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What is a potential symptom that could lead to a referral for someone with a compromised immune system?
What is a potential symptom that could lead to a referral for someone with a compromised immune system?
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Which of the following is another medication that may be linked to a compromised immune system?
Which of the following is another medication that may be linked to a compromised immune system?
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What condition is likely to require a referral in a patient with a compromised immune system?
What condition is likely to require a referral in a patient with a compromised immune system?
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What should you avoid doing after being in physical contact with someone who has a cold?
What should you avoid doing after being in physical contact with someone who has a cold?
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When is it essential to wash your hands thoroughly?
When is it essential to wash your hands thoroughly?
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What is the recommended action for used paper tissues?
What is the recommended action for used paper tissues?
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Which of the following actions helps in preventing infection transmission?
Which of the following actions helps in preventing infection transmission?
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What is the primary benefit of washing hands after contact with someone who has a cold?
What is the primary benefit of washing hands after contact with someone who has a cold?
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Which of the following conditions should be avoided by individuals dealing with certain health issues?
Which of the following conditions should be avoided by individuals dealing with certain health issues?
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Which of these health conditions is not advised to be dealt with alongside certain other health issues?
Which of these health conditions is not advised to be dealt with alongside certain other health issues?
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What is one of the conditions individuals are advised to steer clear of due to potential health risks?
What is one of the conditions individuals are advised to steer clear of due to potential health risks?
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Which health issue is explicitly mentioned as a condition individuals should avoid?
Which health issue is explicitly mentioned as a condition individuals should avoid?
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Which of the following conditions is related to cardiovascular issues that should be avoided?
Which of the following conditions is related to cardiovascular issues that should be avoided?
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How should tablets for menstrual pain be taken for maximum effectiveness?
How should tablets for menstrual pain be taken for maximum effectiveness?
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What is a possible reason for the symptoms experienced during premenstrual syndrome (PMS)?
What is a possible reason for the symptoms experienced during premenstrual syndrome (PMS)?
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Which symptom is commonly associated with premenstrual syndrome?
Which symptom is commonly associated with premenstrual syndrome?
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What could be a consequence of not finding relief from one nonprescription NSAID for dysmenorrhea?
What could be a consequence of not finding relief from one nonprescription NSAID for dysmenorrhea?
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When do symptoms of premenstrual syndrome generally improve?
When do symptoms of premenstrual syndrome generally improve?
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Which of the following mental symptoms is often reported by those with PMS?
Which of the following mental symptoms is often reported by those with PMS?
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Which vitamin deficiency may contribute to depressive symptoms in women with PMS?
Which vitamin deficiency may contribute to depressive symptoms in women with PMS?
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What is the most likely cause of vaginal discharge in community pharmacy settings?
What is the most likely cause of vaginal discharge in community pharmacy settings?
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What is the relationship between PMS and ovulation?
What is the relationship between PMS and ovulation?
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Women under what age should be referred when complaining of symptoms of vaginal thrush?
Women under what age should be referred when complaining of symptoms of vaginal thrush?
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What discharge characteristic indicates a potential referral for bacterial vaginosis or trichomoniasis?
What discharge characteristic indicates a potential referral for bacterial vaginosis or trichomoniasis?
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Which symptom is most prominent in vaginal thrush compared to other conditions?
Which symptom is most prominent in vaginal thrush compared to other conditions?
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What background information may be a reason for referral regarding a woman's history with vaginal thrush?
What background information may be a reason for referral regarding a woman's history with vaginal thrush?
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What condition may indicate recurrent attacks of vaginal thrush needing referral?
What condition may indicate recurrent attacks of vaginal thrush needing referral?
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What factor significantly increases the likelihood of vaginal candidiasis during pregnancy?
What factor significantly increases the likelihood of vaginal candidiasis during pregnancy?
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What is a misleading cause of vaginal pruritus that may appear similar to thrush symptoms?
What is a misleading cause of vaginal pruritus that may appear similar to thrush symptoms?
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Which agent is commonly found in OTC treatments for alkalinizing purposes?
Which agent is commonly found in OTC treatments for alkalinizing purposes?
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What is a recommended action to improve the taste of potassium citrate for patients?
What is a recommended action to improve the taste of potassium citrate for patients?
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Which group of patients should avoid potassium citrate due to the risk of hyperkalemia?
Which group of patients should avoid potassium citrate due to the risk of hyperkalemia?
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What is the typical age range for the peak incidence of primary dysmenorrhea?
What is the typical age range for the peak incidence of primary dysmenorrhea?
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Which treatment option is recommended for pain relief in dysmenorrhea for short-term use?
Which treatment option is recommended for pain relief in dysmenorrhea for short-term use?
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What defines secondary dysmenorrhea?
What defines secondary dysmenorrhea?
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In terms of age, which group is most likely to experience secondary dysmenorrhea?
In terms of age, which group is most likely to experience secondary dysmenorrhea?
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Which factor does NOT contribute to the assessment of dysmenorrhea?
Which factor does NOT contribute to the assessment of dysmenorrhea?
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What is the most effective method to ensure the vaginal area remains dry and cool?
What is the most effective method to ensure the vaginal area remains dry and cool?
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Which of the following products should be avoided to maintain the protective lining of the vagina?
Which of the following products should be avoided to maintain the protective lining of the vagina?
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What type of soap is recommended if a patient insists on using one?
What type of soap is recommended if a patient insists on using one?
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What is a consequence of missing two or more active pills in the first week of taking combined pills?
What is a consequence of missing two or more active pills in the first week of taking combined pills?
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What underlying issue makes patients with poorly controlled diabetes more susceptible to thrush?
What underlying issue makes patients with poorly controlled diabetes more susceptible to thrush?
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How many hours late does a progestogen-only pill (POP) need to be before it becomes ineffective if taken late?
How many hours late does a progestogen-only pill (POP) need to be before it becomes ineffective if taken late?
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Which circumstance would NOT typically require a referral for vaginal thrush?
Which circumstance would NOT typically require a referral for vaginal thrush?
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Which medication type is indicated for treating vaginal thrush in patients with diabetes?
Which medication type is indicated for treating vaginal thrush in patients with diabetes?
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What should be done if there has been a failure of a barrier method during intercourse?
What should be done if there has been a failure of a barrier method during intercourse?
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What effect does levonorgestrel have on ciclosporin?
What effect does levonorgestrel have on ciclosporin?
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What should a patient do if symptoms of thrush do not improve within 3 days?
What should a patient do if symptoms of thrush do not improve within 3 days?
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Which statement regarding the use of vaginal douches is correct?
Which statement regarding the use of vaginal douches is correct?
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Which factor does NOT predispose a woman to vaginal thrush?
Which factor does NOT predispose a woman to vaginal thrush?
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What is the recommended single dose of oral fluconazole for treating thrush?
What is the recommended single dose of oral fluconazole for treating thrush?
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Which of the following is an inappropriate reason for referral related to STD history?
Which of the following is an inappropriate reason for referral related to STD history?
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What is one of the ways 3-Levonorgestrel prevents pregnancy before ovulation?
What is one of the ways 3-Levonorgestrel prevents pregnancy before ovulation?
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What is a common approach to prevent thrush when taking antibiotics?
What is a common approach to prevent thrush when taking antibiotics?
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What is the primary symptom of bacterial vaginosis?
What is the primary symptom of bacterial vaginosis?
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What is a characteristic symptom of trichomoniasis?
What is a characteristic symptom of trichomoniasis?
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What mechanism does Ulipristal primarily utilize to prevent pregnancy?
What mechanism does Ulipristal primarily utilize to prevent pregnancy?
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What should be done if a woman is taking ciclosporin and requests emergency hormonal contraception (EHC)?
What should be done if a woman is taking ciclosporin and requests emergency hormonal contraception (EHC)?
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Which of the following is NOT advised for maintaining a healthy vaginal environment?
Which of the following is NOT advised for maintaining a healthy vaginal environment?
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What is a potential concern with using multiple-dose fluconazole?
What is a potential concern with using multiple-dose fluconazole?
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Which symptom could indicate allergic or irritant dermatitis in the vaginal area?
Which symptom could indicate allergic or irritant dermatitis in the vaginal area?
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Study Notes
Common Cold and Flu
- Common Cold: A self-limiting viral infection of the upper respiratory tract, with over 200 different viruses causing symptoms. Rhinoviruses account for 30-50% of cases.
- Transmission: Primarily through direct contact with contaminated surfaces (e.g., doorknobs). Virus droplets from the nose can also contaminate surfaces. Transmission occurs when an uninfected person touches these contaminated surfaces.
- Secondary Transmission: Transmission is also via coughing and sneezing infected mucus particles.
- Frequency in Children: Children contract colds more frequently than adults, with an average of 5-6 colds per year, and some children experiencing as many as 12.
- Patient Assessment: Very young and very old patients need referral. Age affects treatment choice.
- Duration: Common colds typically last 7-14 days; some symptoms, like a cough, might linger. Abrupt onset usually points to the flu, while a gradual onset often suggests a cold.
- Symptoms:
- Sore throat: often the first sign of a cold.
- Runny/congested nose: Initially, a clear watery fluid, and then thick mucus often follows.
- Sneezing/coughing.
- Aches and pains: Headache can be a sign of cold, but constant or worsening can indicate sinusitis, needing further referral. Headaches often worsen when bending or lying down.
- Low-grade fever: A common cold usually does not involve high fever; fever may indicate the flu. Flu peak incidence is in the winter, while common colds occur year-round.
Patient Assessment for Colds
- Age: Important factor in treatment decisions. Very young and elderly patients warrant referral to a doctor.
- Duration: Gradual onset generally indicates a cold, while abrupt onset might mean the flu. Symptoms typically last 7-14 days for a cold.
- Presence of Fever: Fever is less common in a cold, whereas it might be present in the flu.
- Respiratory Symptoms: Cough, sore throat, nasal congestion, rhinorrhoea, should be significant for possible referral
Treatment and Management
- Antibacterials: Ineffective for colds, which are viral; secondary bacterial infections necessitate referral to a doctor.
- Non-Prescription Treatments: Similar medications treat both colds and influenza.
- Prevention Measures: Avoid touching eyes or nose, frequently wash hands, especially after blowing your nose, stay away from sick people. Keep rooms well ventilated to help prevent transmission.
- Management Recommendations: If symptoms persist or worsen, the patient should follow up with their doctor within 10-14 days.
- Duration of Treatment: Topical decongestants should not be used for longer than 7 days, as rebound congestion (rhinitis medicamentosa) is possible.
Other Considerations
- Ear infections: Earaches from ear infections can sometimes develop as a complication of a cold, especially in young children–acute otitis media.
- Secondary infections: Secondary complications to the flu, such as pneumonia, require referral.
- Pre-existing conditions: Patients with asthma, chronic bronchitis, or other chronic lung diseases need referral for investigations related to symptoms.
- Medications: Consult a doctor before using symptomatic medications given the patient's overall conditions or other medications.
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Description
Explore the differences and similarities between the common cold and flu in this quiz. Learn about transmission modes, frequency in children, and patient assessment. Test your knowledge on viral infections and their implications.
