Inflammation, Embolism
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Questions and Answers

What is the most common cause of pulmonary embolism?

  • Amniotic fluid
  • Gas bubbles
  • Tumor cells
  • Pieces of thrombus (correct)

    • What is the most common origin of systemic arterial emboli?

  • Arterial circulation
  • Unknown origin
  • Intracardiac mural thrombi (correct)
  • Traumatic rupture

    • Which of the following is NOT a common cause of tissue infarction?

  • Toxins or trauma (correct)
  • Hemorrhage into atheromatous plaque
  • Vasospasm
  • Thrombotic and embolic events

    • What is the shape of an infarct in the kidney?

    <p>Triangular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of infarct is associated with infection?

    <p>Septic infarct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common cause of shock?

    <p>Anaphylactic shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary symptom of shock?

    <p>Systemic hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between acute and chronic inflammation?

    <p>Acute is a rapid response, chronic is a prolonged response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the inflammatory response?

    <p>To protect against infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common source of emboli?

    <p>Bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the MAIN difference between acute and chronic inflammation?

    <p>Acute inflammation has a short duration, while chronic inflammation has a prolonged duration of months or years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the MAIN function of macrophages in chronic inflammation?

    <p>Macrophages present antigen to activate T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the MAIN purpose of granuloma formation in chronic inflammation?

    <p>To contain and eradicate the injurious agent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the MOST characteristic feature of chronic inflammation?

    <p>Proliferation of fibroblasts and fibrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the MAIN reason for the development of granulomas in chronic inflammation?

    <p>To contain and eliminate microorganisms that are difficult to phagocytose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the MOST important cell type involved in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammation?

    <p>Macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the MAIN reason for the development of systemic effects like fever and weight loss in chronic inflammation?

    <p>Activation of the hypothalamic temperature control center</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the MAIN reason why fibrosis is an irreversible outcome of chronic inflammation?

    <p>Fibrosis is a result of the destruction of healthy tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the MOST common cause of chronic inflammation?

    <p>All of the above are common causes of chronic inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the MAIN difference between caseating and non-caseating granulomas in chronic inflammation?

    <p>Caseating granulomas contain a cheese-like necrotic material, while non-caseating granulomas do not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the four cardinal signs of inflammation?

    <p>Rigiditas (rigidity)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the inflammatory response?

    <p>To protect the body from further injury in response to harmful stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following mediators is NOT involved in causing vasodilation during the inflammatory response?

    <p>Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a mechanism by which increased vascular permeability occurs during inflammation?

    <p>Increased production of tight junction proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which leukocytes migrate from the blood vessel lumen to the interstitial tissue called?

    <p>Extravasation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a receptor involved in leukocyte recognition of pathogens or inflammatory signals?

    <p>Interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the process by which phagocytes engulf and destroy pathogens or foreign particles?

    <p>Phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a morphological pattern of acute inflammation?

    <p>Granulomatous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the process by which leukocytes are attracted to the site of injury by chemotactic agents?

    <p>Chemotaxis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a possible outcome of acute inflammation?

    <p>Angiogenesis (formation of new blood vessels)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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