30 Questions
What is the most common cause of pulmonary embolism?
Pieces of thrombus
What is the most common origin of systemic arterial emboli?
Intracardiac mural thrombi
Which of the following is NOT a common cause of tissue infarction?
Toxins or trauma
What is the shape of an infarct in the kidney?
Triangular
Which type of infarct is associated with infection?
Septic infarct
Which of the following is NOT a common cause of shock?
Anaphylactic shock
What is the primary symptom of shock?
Systemic hypotension
What is the main difference between acute and chronic inflammation?
Acute is a rapid response, chronic is a prolonged response
What is the main purpose of the inflammatory response?
To protect against infection
Which of the following is NOT a common source of emboli?
Bone marrow
What is the MAIN difference between acute and chronic inflammation?
Acute inflammation has a short duration, while chronic inflammation has a prolonged duration of months or years
What is the MAIN function of macrophages in chronic inflammation?
Macrophages present antigen to activate T cells
What is the MAIN purpose of granuloma formation in chronic inflammation?
To contain and eradicate the injurious agent
Which of the following is the MOST characteristic feature of chronic inflammation?
Proliferation of fibroblasts and fibrosis
What is the MAIN reason for the development of granulomas in chronic inflammation?
To contain and eliminate microorganisms that are difficult to phagocytose
Which of the following is the MOST important cell type involved in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammation?
Macrophages
What is the MAIN reason for the development of systemic effects like fever and weight loss in chronic inflammation?
Activation of the hypothalamic temperature control center
What is the MAIN reason why fibrosis is an irreversible outcome of chronic inflammation?
Fibrosis is a result of the destruction of healthy tissue
Which of the following is the MOST common cause of chronic inflammation?
All of the above are common causes of chronic inflammation
What is the MAIN difference between caseating and non-caseating granulomas in chronic inflammation?
Caseating granulomas contain a cheese-like necrotic material, while non-caseating granulomas do not
Which of the following is NOT one of the four cardinal signs of inflammation?
Rigiditas (rigidity)
What is the primary function of the inflammatory response?
To protect the body from further injury in response to harmful stimuli
Which of the following mediators is NOT involved in causing vasodilation during the inflammatory response?
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)
Which of the following is NOT a mechanism by which increased vascular permeability occurs during inflammation?
Increased production of tight junction proteins
What is the process by which leukocytes migrate from the blood vessel lumen to the interstitial tissue called?
Extravasation
Which of the following is NOT a receptor involved in leukocyte recognition of pathogens or inflammatory signals?
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptors
What is the term used to describe the process by which phagocytes engulf and destroy pathogens or foreign particles?
Phagocytosis
Which of the following is NOT a morphological pattern of acute inflammation?
Granulomatous
What is the term used to describe the process by which leukocytes are attracted to the site of injury by chemotactic agents?
Chemotaxis
Which of the following is NOT a possible outcome of acute inflammation?
Angiogenesis (formation of new blood vessels)
Learn about three common circulatory disorders - Embolism, Infarction, and Shock. This quiz covers the causes, characteristics, and outcomes of each disorder, focusing on embolism as a mass of material that can block blood vessels.
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