Common Antibiotics: Uses and Mechanisms

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Questions and Answers

Why is amoxicillin contraindicated for individuals with a known penicillin allergy?

It directly damages bacterial DNA.
It inhibits the 50S ribosomal subunit.
It has a similar mechanism of action that exacerbates the allergic reaction. (correct)
It disrupts folate synthesis.

A patient with a history of alcohol abuse is prescribed an antibiotic. Which of the following antibiotics should the physician avoid prescribing?

Nitrofurantoin
Doxycycline
Azithromycin
Metronidazole (correct)

Which antibiotic's mechanism of action involves inhibiting DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV?

Vancomycin
Amoxicillin
Ciprofloxacin (correct)
Linezolid

A pregnant patient requires antibiotic treatment. Which antibiotic should be avoided due to its contraindication during pregnancy?

Doxycycline (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following antibiotics inhibits the 50S ribosomal subunit?

Azithromycin (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic is contraindicated in patients taking MAOIs or those with serotonin syndrome?

Linezolid (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic is administered intravenously every 24 hours (q24h)?

Ceftriaxone (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic's dosage is dependent on the patient's weight, specifically given as 15-20 mg/kg?

Vancomycin (A) Signup and view all the answers

A patient with impaired kidney function (CrCl <30) is prescribed an antibiotic. Which medication should be used with caution?

Nitrofurantoin (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic is specifically mentioned to inhibit folate synthesis?

Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate adult oral dosage range for Amoxicillin?

500-875 mg PO q8-12h (D) Signup and view all the answers

What adverse effect is most associated with Ciprofloaxacin?

QT prolongation (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic's mechanism of action is damaging bacterial DNA?

Nitrofurantoin (C) Signup and view all the answers

A patient is prescribed Azithromycin. What is the typical oral dose for the first day, followed by subsequent days?

500 mg PO day 1, then 250 mg qd (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic is often prescribed as one double-strength tablet orally every 12 hours?

Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic is known to disrupt DNA synthesis as its mechanism of action?

Metronidazole (D) Signup and view all the answers

A patient is known to have an allergy to Vancomycin. What is the possible contraindication with Vancomycin?

Allergy (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action for Amoxicillin?

Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis (D) Signup and view all the answers

A patient is undergoing QT prolongation with Ciprofloxacin, what is QT prolongation?

A condition effecting the heart's electrical system (C) Signup and view all the answers

A patient who is pregnant is prescribed Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole, what is the possible contraindication?

Pregnancy (C) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Amoxicillin's Mechanism

Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis

Azithromycin's Action

Inhibits 50S ribosomal subunit