Commandes Linux

Linux Commands

• ls -al: Displays directory contents, including hidden files, with detailed permissions.

• man: Provides manual pages for commands, offering detailed information.

• ls: Lists directory contents; displays files and folders in the current directory.

• mkdir: Creates a new directory (folder).

• touch: Creates a new empty file.

• rmdir: Deletes an empty directory.

• rm: Deletes files or directories (use with caution; rm -rf is destructive).

• rm -r: Removes non-empty directories recursively.

• rm -rf: Deletes non-empty directory recursively (DANGER).

• echo: Displays text on the terminal.

• echo ... >> ...: Appends text to a file.

• cat: Displays the contents of files on the terminal.

• cat -n: Displays file content with line numbers.

File Management

• cp: Copies files or directories (overwrites destination if existing).
• cp -r: Copies directories recursively (preserving subdirectories in destination).
• mv: Moves or renames files/directories.

File Searching

• find: Locates files or directories meeting specific criteria.

• cd: Changes the current directory.

• cd ..: Moves up one directory in the hierarchy.

• pwd: Displays the current working directory.

File Information

• file: Identifies the type of a file.
• wc: Counts lines, words, and characters in a file.
• more: Displays the contents of a file one screenful at a time.
• less: Similar to more, but allows for scrolling backward and forward through the content.

Text Searching

• grep: Searches for patterns in files.
• grep -i: Case-insensitive search.
• diff: Shows the differences between two files.
• cmp: Shows the differences (or identifies if identical), byte by byte.

User Management and System Utilities

• passwd: Changes the password for a user account.
• sudo: Allows executing commands as another user (usually root).
• useradd: Creates a new user account.
• userdel: Deletes a user account.
• gpasswd: Manages group memberships.
• cat /etc/passwd: Displays user account information (more secure methods recommended).
• tail: Displays the last lines of a file.
• tail -f: Continuously displays the new output at the end of a file.

System Information

• who: Displays who is currently logged in.
• uname: Displays system name and version information.
• hostname: Displays the computer's hostname.
• lscpu: Shows detailed CPU information.
• df: Displays disk space usage.
• date: Displays the current date and time.

Process Management

• ps: Displays a list of running processes.
• ps aux: Displays a detailed list of processes (use with more or less).
• kill: Terminates a process.
• killall: Terminates processes by name.

Archiving and Compression

• gzip: Compresses files.
• gunzip: Decompresses gzip files.

Text Editors and File Viewing

• gedit: Basic text editor
• nano: Simple text editor
• vim: Powerful text editor

###Permissions

• ls -l: Displays file or directory information (shows permissions).
  • r: Read permission
  • w: Write permission
  • x: Execute permission
  • -: No permission
• The order of permissions is: owner, group, others.

Other Important Notes

• Understanding appropriate use of sudo to avoid unintended system changes is critical.
• Many commands have options that refine their output or behavior. Consult man pages for specifics.
• Most commands can be chained together for more complex tasks.

Testez vos connaissances sur les commandes essentielles du système Linux. Ce quiz couvre des commandes courantes pour la gestion des fichiers et des répertoires. Découvrez vos compétences en matière d'utilisation des commandes en ligne de commande.