COMM 227 Final Exam Study Notes

A claim widely accepted without challenge, often based on common knowledge, experience, or expert consensus.

A claim that requires supporting evidence and justification because it's not universally accepted or obvious.

A widely held belief within a particular context; it is usually true and widely accepted.

A claim supported by experts in a given field who have reached a general agreement.

A claim based on direct observation and experience. (e.g. It is colder in Montreal than Florida).

A claim that is independent of interpretation and based on concrete evidence.

A claim supported by established mathematical or scientific principles.

The primary argument or point being made in a piece of text.

Leadership theory that certain traits are inborn and predispose individuals to leadership.

Individual characteristics like physical, mental, and personality attributes.

The process of acquiring leadership roles.

How well a leader achieves goals.

Leadership theory focusing on the relationship between leaders and employees.

Positive relationship between leader and employee.

Negative relationship between leader and employee.

A trait associated with leadership emergence.

Teams go through different stages: Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing, and Adjourning.

Ideal team size is between 5-8 members; rarely more than 10 members.

Effective teams need functional, technical, task management, and interpersonal skills.

Team members are responsible for the team's success together.

Team members have expectations for each other's behaviors.

Teams may make riskier decisions, as individual risk is reduced.

Presence of others discourages intervention in a team, assuming someone else will act.

Teams persist in bad decisions even with evidence of an error.

A leadership style that motivates and inspires employees to achieve goals, consistently associated with high employee commitment and effectiveness during change.

The ability to command loyalty and devotion to an idea or person.

A characteristic of transformational leadership where leaders encourage creativity and critical thinking in their employees.

A leadership quality focused on inspiring and motivating employees through shared vision and high expectations.

Focusing on understanding and supporting the individual needs of each employee.

Leadership demonstrating appropriate conduct through actions and communication, promoting ethical behavior in followers.

Leadership prioritizing the needs of others before self, focusing on supporting and enabling employees.

A leadership style that is mentioned as being associated with Transformational Leadership, implying potential benefits or connection.

Assumptions about the world that can be challenged or debated.

Assumptions about what is good, right, or important. They reflect personal beliefs and values.

A counterargument used to challenge or disprove a claim or assumption.

When you cannot provide evidence to support a claim, limit its scope or acknowledge its limitations.

Writing that aims to convince the reader to agree with a particular point of view.

The art of using language effectively to persuade or influence an audience.

Using language that sounds impressive but lacks substance or genuine support.

Providing enough information and evidence to support your claims and make them clear to the reader.

A method for evaluating the quality of evidence by considering its Source, Credibility, Relevance, Accuracy, Appropriateness, and Purpose.

Research based on firsthand observations, experiences, or data collected directly by the researcher.

Research based on existing information gathered by others, such as books, articles, or databases.

How dependable and trustworthy the data is, considering its currency and representativeness.

How well the data applies to your specific research question or problem.

How well the research can be altered or revised to fit your specific research needs.

The skill and background of the researchers in relation to the research topic.

Tendencies for researchers to view issues from specific perspectives, potentially skewing the results.