Introduction to Scientific Arguments (Day 2)

Introduction to Scientific Argumentation

• CER stands for Claim, Evidence, Reasoning, forming a structured approach to scientific argumentation.
• A scientific argument is opinion-based, firmly rooted in scientific evidence and reasoning.

Importance of CER

• Scientific claims are never definitively "proven," but rather supported with evidence.
• Using CER helps in structuring arguments in a clear format, suitable for paragraphs or reports.

Formatting a CER

• Claim:

  • Directly answers the question in a clear and concise statement.
  • Should restate the question for clarity, usually kept to one sentence.
  • Avoids the use of explanations, reasoning, or evidence.

• Evidence:

  • The factual information supporting the claim, described objectively.
  • Types of evidence include observations, documented facts, and lab data/results.

• Reasoning:

  • Provides the rationale for why the evidence supports the claim.
  • Connects evidence to relevant scientific concepts and explains its significance.

Activity on Identifying CER Components

• Participants are encouraged to classify various statements as claim, evidence, or reasoning to enhance their understanding.

Writing a Scientific Argument: Step-by-Step Process

• Annotate Governing Questions:

  • Rewrite guiding questions to enhance clarity and focus.

• Identify Scientific Concepts:

  • Determine relevant science terminology to include based on previous coursework.

• Gather Evidence:

  • Reflect on prior knowledge and evidence related to the topic.
  • Types of evidence considered include qualitative and quantitative data.

• Structuring Reasoning:

  • Formulate reasoning statements such as "If ____, then ..." and "This is important because ...".

Describing Evidence and Reasoning

• Utilize phrases to articulate evidence and its relation to the claim, such as:
  • "The evidence that supports my claim is ..."
  • "Based on the evidence, I conclude that ...".
• Highlight the strength or weakness of claims through supporting evidence.

This quiz explores the process of writing a scientific argument using the Claim, Evidence, Reasoning (CER) framework. You'll learn how to construct a well-supported opinion rooted in scientific evidence and concepts. Delve into the importance of effective scientific communication and argumentation in the scientific community.