Combined Urogenital System and Kidney Function Quiz

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What are the sources of cells that contribute to gonad development?

Yolk sac mesoderm, peritoneal mesoderm, and mesomeric mesoderm (correct)
Nephric ridge, genital ridge, and mesomere
Primordial germ cells, germinal epithelium, and gonad medulla
Gametes, Sertoli cells, and follicle cells

Which of the following is NOT a stage of gonadal development mentioned in the text?

Differentiated stage
Late differentiated stage
Gametogenesis stage (correct)
Early indifferent stage

What is the primary function of the gonads?

To transport gametes to the exterior
To produce gametes through gametogenesis (correct)
To facilitate sexual dimorphism in animals
To develop secondary sexual characteristics

Which of the following characteristics are examples of secondary sexual characteristics mentioned in the text?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

In which animals is sexual dimorphism most pronounced?

Passerines (perching birds) and ducks (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the ducts associated with the gonads?

To transport gametes to the exterior of the organism (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the pronephros and mesonephros in terms of functionality?

Pronephros forms the archinephric duct, while mesonephros is the functional kidney during amniote embryonic life. (D) Signup and view all the answers

In amphibians, how does the metanephros differ from that of fishes?

Metanephros originates from the cloaca floor pocket, unlike in fishes where it arises independently of the cloaca. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when the bladder is absent in certain reptiles and birds?

Uric acid is stored in the cloaca. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of mammals with respect to the bladder?

A new duct, the urethra, forms and loses connection with the gut. (D) Signup and view all the answers

How do reptiles and birds differ from amphibians in terms of ureter emptying into the bladder?

Ureters directly empty into the bladder in reptiles and birds, while in amphibians, they open into the cloaca. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes hermaphrodite fishes from agnathans regarding ducts?

Ducts in hermaphrodite fishes are modified for various functions, while agnathans have standard duct structures. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the kidneys in terrestrial vertebrates?

Both excretion and osmoregulation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the connection between the renal tubule and the coelom in the early vertebrate embryo?

The glomerulus produces ultrafiltrate into the coelom, not into Bowman's capsule (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the original structure that drains the nephrons in the primitive vertebrate kidney?

Archinephric duct (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the fate of the mesonephros in amniotes?

It is lost, and the metanephros becomes the adult kidney (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the archinephric duct in amniotes?

It is used by the testis as the vas deferens (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the holonephros and the opisthonephros in terms of nephron number?

The holonephros has one pair of nephrons per segment, while the opisthonephros has many nephrons per segment (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the ciliated kidney tubules in the early vertebrate embryo?

They remove and modify the ultrafiltrate (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the fate of the archinephric duct in female amniotes?

It is lost (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the kidneys in aquatic vertebrates?

Osmoregulation (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the urogenital system and the excretory system in vertebrates?

They are anatomically associated, sharing some structures, but are physiologically and functionally dissimilar (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the dominant function of the cortex in the mature ovary?

Containment of secondary oocytes (C) Signup and view all the answers

In which part of the male reproductive system does testosterone secretion occur?

Interstitial cells between seminiferous tubules (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which gland adds secretions to the ejaculate to support sperm survival and motility?

Prostate gland (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the fate of primary sex cords in late male gonad development?

Develop into seminiferous tubules (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the vesicular glands in the male reproductive system?

Secrete alkaline fluid rich in fructose (B) Signup and view all the answers

Where do mature gametes move after being released from seminiferous tubules in the testis?

Epididymis (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which duct develops a new sperm duct in teleosts?

Vas deferens (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the bulbourethral glands in the male reproductive system?

Secrete alkaline fluid rich in fructose (B) Signup and view all the answers

How do primary sex cords develop in the male gonads?

From germinal epithelium into seminiferous tubules (D) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to oogonia enclosed by follicle cells at maturity in females?

Secondary oocytes are released from follicles (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the oviduct in most vertebrates?

To transport eggs from the ovary to the cloaca or uterus (D) Signup and view all the answers

In therian mammals, which of the following statements is true regarding the cloaca?

The cloaca is absent, and the digestive and urogenital systems are completely separate (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about the uterus in mammals?

The degree of fusion of the uterine horns varies among different mammalian groups (A) Signup and view all the answers

In birds, what is the function of the cloacal bursa?

It is a diverticulum of the cloaca where uric acid is deposited (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the ontogeny of the cloaca in therian mammals is true?

The cloaca is initially present but divides into separate digestive and urogenital systems during development (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of intromittent or copulatory organs in vertebrates?

To facilitate internal fertilization by introducing sperm into the female reproductive tract (A) Signup and view all the answers

In teleost fishes, what structure is typically involved in sperm transfer?

Gonopodium (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the early indifferent embryo in therian mammals is true?

The cloaca is present and consists of the coprodeum and urodeum (B) Signup and view all the answers

In mammals, what is the primary function of the urogenital sinus?

It is a common chamber where the urinary and genital ducts converge (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the oviduct in agnathans (jawless fishes) is true?

Agnathans have no male or female ducts, and gametes are shed into the coelom (B) Signup and view all the answers