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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT an intensive property of a substance?
Which of the following is NOT an intensive property of a substance?
What is the relationship between mass and weight of a body according to the text?
What is the relationship between mass and weight of a body according to the text?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an open system according to the text?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an open system according to the text?
What is the main difference between a control volume and a control surface according to the text?
What is the main difference between a control volume and a control surface according to the text?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of an isolated system?
Which of the following is a characteristic of an isolated system?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of thermodynamic system mentioned in the text?
Which of the following is NOT a type of thermodynamic system mentioned in the text?
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According to Boyle's law, what happens to the volume of gas when the pressure is increased?
According to Boyle's law, what happens to the volume of gas when the pressure is increased?
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Which gas law describes the direct relationship between volume and temperature of an ideal gas?
Which gas law describes the direct relationship between volume and temperature of an ideal gas?
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What does the combined gas law show the relationship between?
What does the combined gas law show the relationship between?
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In Gay-Lussac's law, what is the relationship between pressure and temperature in a substance?
In Gay-Lussac's law, what is the relationship between pressure and temperature in a substance?
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What does specific heat at constant volume represent in thermodynamics?
What does specific heat at constant volume represent in thermodynamics?
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Which gas law states that at a fixed temperature, the volume of gas is inversely proportional to the pressure exerted by the gas?
Which gas law states that at a fixed temperature, the volume of gas is inversely proportional to the pressure exerted by the gas?
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According to Charles' law, the volume of an ideal gas is directly proportional to its:
According to Charles' law, the volume of an ideal gas is directly proportional to its:
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Boyle's law describes the relationship between:
Boyle's law describes the relationship between:
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The equation of state for an ideal gas relates:
The equation of state for an ideal gas relates:
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The combined gas law is a combination of:
The combined gas law is a combination of:
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The ideal gas law assumes that:
The ideal gas law assumes that:
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If the pressure of an ideal gas is doubled and its volume is halved, while temperature remains constant, what happens to the density of the gas?
If the pressure of an ideal gas is doubled and its volume is halved, while temperature remains constant, what happens to the density of the gas?
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Study Notes
Thermodynamic Systems
- A thermodynamic system is a system where the interaction of heat and work occurs.
- There are four types of thermodynamic systems:
- Open system: has direct interaction with its surroundings, and mass and energy can cross its boundaries.
- Closed system: has no physical or direct interaction with its surroundings.
- Non-isolated system: mass cannot cross its boundaries, but energy can.
- Isolated system: mass and energy cannot cross its boundaries.
Control Volume and Control Surface
- Control volume: a focused volume in space from which the substance flows.
- Control surface: a surface that surrounds the control volume.
Thermodynamic Properties
- There are two types of thermodynamic properties:
- Intensive property: a property that does not depend on the mass of the substance (e.g. density, pressure, temperature).
- Extensive property: a property that depends on the mass of the substance (e.g. energy, momentum, volume).
Basic Principles
- Mass: a property of matter that constitutes one of the fundamental physical measurements, and is the absolute quantity of matter in a body.
- Weight: the force acted by a body in a gravitational field, and is equal to the product of the mass of the body and the gravitational acceleration existing in the field.
Ideal Gas Laws
- Combined gas law: a combination of Boyle's law, Charles' law, and Gay-Lussac's law, showing the relationship between pressure, temperature, and volume.
- Boyle's law: states that at a fixed temperature, the volume of gas is inversely proportional to the pressure exerted by the gas.
- Charles' law: states that there is a direct relationship between the volume and temperature of a substance.
- Gay-Lussac's law: states that there is a direct relationship between the pressure and temperature of a substance.
Thermodynamic Properties of Ideal Gas
- Specific heat at constant volume (Cv): the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of a unit mass by 1 degree, while holding the volume constant.
- Specific heat at constant pressure (Cp): the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of a unit mass by 1 degree, while treating the pressure constant.
Steady-Flow System
- Characteristics:
- There is neither accumulation nor diminution of mass within the system.
- There is neither accumulation nor diminution of energy within the system.
- The state of the working substance at any point in the system remains constant.
The Ideal Gas
- Definition: a gas that conforms to the ideal gas law, which is a generalization that for a specified quantity of gas, the product of the volume and pressure is proportional to the absolute temperature.
- Equation of state: a mathematical equation that determines the properties of a certain working substance under a combination of specified conditions.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the combined gas law, which combines Boyle's law, Charles' law, and Gay-Lussac's law to show the relationship between pressure, temperature, and volume in ideal gases. Understand how pressure affects temperature and volume using the combined gas law formula.
