18 Questions
Which of the following is NOT an intensive property of a substance?
Volume
What is the relationship between mass and weight of a body according to the text?
Weight is the product of mass and gravitational acceleration
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an open system according to the text?
There is no direct interaction with the surroundings
What is the main difference between a control volume and a control surface according to the text?
A control volume is a focused volume in space from which a substance flows, while a control surface surrounds the control volume.
Which of the following is a characteristic of an isolated system?
Neither mass nor energy can cross the boundary
Which of the following is NOT a type of thermodynamic system mentioned in the text?
Adiabatic system
According to Boyle's law, what happens to the volume of gas when the pressure is increased?
Volume decreases
Which gas law describes the direct relationship between volume and temperature of an ideal gas?
Charles' law
What does the combined gas law show the relationship between?
Pressure, temperature, and volume
In Gay-Lussac's law, what is the relationship between pressure and temperature in a substance?
Direct relationship
What does specific heat at constant volume represent in thermodynamics?
Energy needed to raise temperature with constant volume
Which gas law states that at a fixed temperature, the volume of gas is inversely proportional to the pressure exerted by the gas?
Boyle's law
According to Charles' law, the volume of an ideal gas is directly proportional to its:
Temperature in Kelvin
Boyle's law describes the relationship between:
Pressure and volume of an ideal gas
The equation of state for an ideal gas relates:
Pressure, volume, and temperature
The combined gas law is a combination of:
Boyle's law, Charles' law, and Avogadro's law
The ideal gas law assumes that:
Both (a) and (b)
If the pressure of an ideal gas is doubled and its volume is halved, while temperature remains constant, what happens to the density of the gas?
The density becomes four times greater
Study Notes
Thermodynamic Systems
- A thermodynamic system is a system where the interaction of heat and work occurs.
- There are four types of thermodynamic systems:
- Open system: has direct interaction with its surroundings, and mass and energy can cross its boundaries.
- Closed system: has no physical or direct interaction with its surroundings.
- Non-isolated system: mass cannot cross its boundaries, but energy can.
- Isolated system: mass and energy cannot cross its boundaries.
Control Volume and Control Surface
- Control volume: a focused volume in space from which the substance flows.
- Control surface: a surface that surrounds the control volume.
Thermodynamic Properties
- There are two types of thermodynamic properties:
- Intensive property: a property that does not depend on the mass of the substance (e.g. density, pressure, temperature).
- Extensive property: a property that depends on the mass of the substance (e.g. energy, momentum, volume).
Basic Principles
- Mass: a property of matter that constitutes one of the fundamental physical measurements, and is the absolute quantity of matter in a body.
- Weight: the force acted by a body in a gravitational field, and is equal to the product of the mass of the body and the gravitational acceleration existing in the field.
Ideal Gas Laws
- Combined gas law: a combination of Boyle's law, Charles' law, and Gay-Lussac's law, showing the relationship between pressure, temperature, and volume.
- Boyle's law: states that at a fixed temperature, the volume of gas is inversely proportional to the pressure exerted by the gas.
- Charles' law: states that there is a direct relationship between the volume and temperature of a substance.
- Gay-Lussac's law: states that there is a direct relationship between the pressure and temperature of a substance.
Thermodynamic Properties of Ideal Gas
- Specific heat at constant volume (Cv): the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of a unit mass by 1 degree, while holding the volume constant.
- Specific heat at constant pressure (Cp): the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of a unit mass by 1 degree, while treating the pressure constant.
Steady-Flow System
- Characteristics:
- There is neither accumulation nor diminution of mass within the system.
- There is neither accumulation nor diminution of energy within the system.
- The state of the working substance at any point in the system remains constant.
The Ideal Gas
- Definition: a gas that conforms to the ideal gas law, which is a generalization that for a specified quantity of gas, the product of the volume and pressure is proportional to the absolute temperature.
- Equation of state: a mathematical equation that determines the properties of a certain working substance under a combination of specified conditions.
Test your knowledge on the combined gas law, which combines Boyle's law, Charles' law, and Gay-Lussac's law to show the relationship between pressure, temperature, and volume in ideal gases. Understand how pressure affects temperature and volume using the combined gas law formula.
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