Combined Gas Law: Ideal Gas Laws Quiz

Thermodynamic Systems

• A thermodynamic system is a system where the interaction of heat and work occurs.
• There are four types of thermodynamic systems:
  • Open system: has direct interaction with its surroundings, and mass and energy can cross its boundaries.
  • Closed system: has no physical or direct interaction with its surroundings.
  • Non-isolated system: mass cannot cross its boundaries, but energy can.
  • Isolated system: mass and energy cannot cross its boundaries.

Control Volume and Control Surface

• Control volume: a focused volume in space from which the substance flows.
• Control surface: a surface that surrounds the control volume.

Thermodynamic Properties

• There are two types of thermodynamic properties:
  • Intensive property: a property that does not depend on the mass of the substance (e.g. density, pressure, temperature).
  • Extensive property: a property that depends on the mass of the substance (e.g. energy, momentum, volume).

Basic Principles

• Mass: a property of matter that constitutes one of the fundamental physical measurements, and is the absolute quantity of matter in a body.
• Weight: the force acted by a body in a gravitational field, and is equal to the product of the mass of the body and the gravitational acceleration existing in the field.

Ideal Gas Laws

• Combined gas law: a combination of Boyle's law, Charles' law, and Gay-Lussac's law, showing the relationship between pressure, temperature, and volume.
• Boyle's law: states that at a fixed temperature, the volume of gas is inversely proportional to the pressure exerted by the gas.
• Charles' law: states that there is a direct relationship between the volume and temperature of a substance.
• Gay-Lussac's law: states that there is a direct relationship between the pressure and temperature of a substance.

Thermodynamic Properties of Ideal Gas

• Specific heat at constant volume (Cv): the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of a unit mass by 1 degree, while holding the volume constant.
• Specific heat at constant pressure (Cp): the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of a unit mass by 1 degree, while treating the pressure constant.

Steady-Flow System

• Characteristics:
  • There is neither accumulation nor diminution of mass within the system.
  • There is neither accumulation nor diminution of energy within the system.
  • The state of the working substance at any point in the system remains constant.

The Ideal Gas

• Definition: a gas that conforms to the ideal gas law, which is a generalization that for a specified quantity of gas, the product of the volume and pressure is proportional to the absolute temperature.
• Equation of state: a mathematical equation that determines the properties of a certain working substance under a combination of specified conditions.

Test your knowledge on the combined gas law, which combines Boyle's law, Charles' law, and Gay-Lussac's law to show the relationship between pressure, temperature, and volume in ideal gases. Understand how pressure affects temperature and volume using the combined gas law formula.