Comandos y Atajos de Linux

Linux Commands and Shortcuts

• Linux is "case sensitive," meaning Archivo, archivo, and ARCHIVO are considered different.
• Linux's bash shell has autocompletion:
  • One option: Tab completes.
  • Multiple options: Tab twice shows a list.
• Everything in Linux is a file.
• "." refers to the current directory.
• ".." refers to the parent directory.

Navigating in Linux

• Files can be located using absolute or relative paths.
• The root directory in the FHS is "/".
• To refer to a file like /home/alumno/trabajos/mi_texto.txt:
  • Absolute path: Starts from the root directory (/).
    • Example: /home/alumno/trabajos/mi_texto.txt
    • Always finds the file in the same location.
  • Relative path: Starts from the current directory.
    • Example in /home/alumno/trabajos: mi_texto.txt
    • Location depends on the current directory.

Basic Linux Commands

• man: Displays details of other commands. (e.g., man ls)
• cd: Changes the current directory.
• pwd: Prints the current working directory.
• ls: Lists directory contents.
  • ls -a: Includes hidden files.
  • ls -l: Shows detailed file information (permissions, owner, size, etc.).
• touch: Creates an empty file or updates the timestamp of an existing file.
• cat: Displays the contents of a file.
• more: Displays file contents, one page at a time.
• cp: Copies files or directories.
• mv: Moves files or directories.
• mkdir: Creates directories.
• rm: Deletes files or directories.
  • rm -r: Deletes directories recursively (even if not empty).
• rmdir: Deletes empty directories.
• whatis: Briefly describes a command.
• apropos: Searches for commands related to a keyword.
• exit: Exits the current shell session.
• logout: Logs out the current user session.
• uname: Displays system information.
• tail: Displays the last few lines of a file.

Advanced Linux Commands (grep, head, etc.)

• head: Displays the first few lines of a file.

• grep: Searches for patterns in files.

  • Options for grep:
    • -c: Counts matching lines.
    • -e: Specifies multiple patterns.
    • -r: Recursively searches directories.
    • -v: Shows non-matching lines.
    • -i: Ignores case.
    • -n: Numbers matching lines.
    • -E: Enables extended regular expressions.
    • -o: Prints only the matching part of each line.
    • -f: Reads patterns from a file.

• color: Displays output in color for easier reading

• w : Searches for exact word matches.