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Questions and Answers
What is the most critical implication of the combination of warm, sunny days and cool evenings in Columbia Valley vineyards, given their location within the rain shadow of the Cascade Mountains?
What is the most critical implication of the combination of warm, sunny days and cool evenings in Columbia Valley vineyards, given their location within the rain shadow of the Cascade Mountains?
- It results in a shorter growing season compared to other regions at similar latitudes, requiring earlier harvesting to mitigate the risk of frost damage and preserve acidity.
- It necessitates extensive irrigation practices to counteract the low annual rainfall, ensuring consistent yields but potentially diluting flavor concentration in the grapes.
- It leads to higher susceptibility to fungal diseases due to the persistent moisture from evening condensation, demanding rigorous application of preventative treatments.
- It fosters an environment where diurnal temperature variation significantly enhances aroma and flavor development in the ripening grapes, maximizing their complexity despite limited precipitation. (correct)
Considering the fermentation and aging processes detailed for the 2022 Columbia Valley Chardonnay, what is the most nuanced impact of using a mix of neutral and new oak barrels for only 5% of the blend after malolactic fermentation?
Considering the fermentation and aging processes detailed for the 2022 Columbia Valley Chardonnay, what is the most nuanced impact of using a mix of neutral and new oak barrels for only 5% of the blend after malolactic fermentation?
- It introduces subtle oxidative characters and structural tannins without overwhelming the base wine, contributing to increased complexity and a more integrated mouthfeel. (correct)
- It inhibits the expression of tertiary aromas, preserving the fruit's primary characteristics and promoting a leaner, more austere profile that emphasizes minerality.
- It accelerates the degradation of volatile thiols, diminishing the wine intensely herbaceous notes and enhancing it's ripe tropical fruit flavors.
- It stabilizes the wine's color by encouraging polymerization of anthocyanins, protecting it from premature browning without imparting significant oak-derived flavors.
Given the stated tasting notes and winemaking practices of the Columbia Valley Chardonnay, what aspect of its production most directly contributes to its 'approachable, food-friendly style'?
Given the stated tasting notes and winemaking practices of the Columbia Valley Chardonnay, what aspect of its production most directly contributes to its 'approachable, food-friendly style'?
- Blending of Chardonnay grapes from multiple vineyards throughout Washington's Columbia Valley, creating a complex yet balanced flavor profile suitable for diverse food pairings. (correct)
- Extended _sur lie_ aging in new oak barrels to impart pronounced vanilla and toasted bread notes, increasing its perceived sweetness and compatibility with rich, creamy dishes.
- Exclusive use of stainless steel fermentation to retain high levels of dissolved carbon dioxide, creating a slight spritz that enhances its palatability with a wide range of cuisines.
- Complete inhibition of malolactic fermentation to maintain high malic acid levels, resulting in a tart, crisp profile that cuts through oily or fatty foods.
Considering the statement that 15% of the La Crema Chardonnay lot was co-inoculated with a house strain of malolactic bacteria, what is the most sophisticated reason for this specific inoculation strategy?
Considering the statement that 15% of the La Crema Chardonnay lot was co-inoculated with a house strain of malolactic bacteria, what is the most sophisticated reason for this specific inoculation strategy?
Given the climatic conditions of the 2022 vintage in Sonoma County described for La Crema Chardonnay, what complex adaptive strategy would be the MOST vital to preserving wine quality for a producer emphasizing 'Committed To Sustainability'?
Given the climatic conditions of the 2022 vintage in Sonoma County described for La Crema Chardonnay, what complex adaptive strategy would be the MOST vital to preserving wine quality for a producer emphasizing 'Committed To Sustainability'?
Given the description of Kim Crawford Sauvignon Blanc, what is the most critical enological consequence of its aromatic profile featuring 'lifted citrus, tropical fruit, and crushed herbs'?
Given the description of Kim Crawford Sauvignon Blanc, what is the most critical enological consequence of its aromatic profile featuring 'lifted citrus, tropical fruit, and crushed herbs'?
Given that Far Niente Chardonnay undergoes 89% barrel fermentation with no malolactic fermentation, what is the MOST technically precise reason for this approach?
Given that Far Niente Chardonnay undergoes 89% barrel fermentation with no malolactic fermentation, what is the MOST technically precise reason for this approach?
Considering the use of NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) technology in Rombauer's vineyard management, what is the most insightful interpretation of its application within the context of sustainable farming?
Considering the use of NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) technology in Rombauer's vineyard management, what is the most insightful interpretation of its application within the context of sustainable farming?
Considering the tasting notes for Apothic White, which include 'Tropical Fruit, Peach, Vanilla', what is the MOST plausible reason for the vanilla note in this blend?
Considering the tasting notes for Apothic White, which include 'Tropical Fruit, Peach, Vanilla', what is the MOST plausible reason for the vanilla note in this blend?
Considering Santa Margherita Pinot Grigio's winemaking process includes fermentation for 10-15 days at 18°C (64°F), what is the most astute reason for this temperature control?
Considering Santa Margherita Pinot Grigio's winemaking process includes fermentation for 10-15 days at 18°C (64°F), what is the most astute reason for this temperature control?
Flashcards
2022 Columbia Valley Chardonnay Vintage
2022 Columbia Valley Chardonnay Vintage
The 2022 growing season started with a cool, wet spring, delaying ripening and harvest by two weeks.
Columbia Valley Vineyard Conditions
Columbia Valley Vineyard Conditions
Columbia Valley vineyards are in the rain shadow of the Cascade Mountains with 6-8 inches of annual rainfall. Warm days and cool nights enhance aroma and flavor.
Chateau Ste. Michelle History
Chateau Ste. Michelle History
Established in 1934, pioneered vinifera grape growing in Washington state. Owns 3,500 acres including Horse Heaven, Canoe Ridge & Cold Creek vineyards.
Chateau Ste. Michelle Winemaking Notes
Chateau Ste. Michelle Winemaking Notes
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Butter Chardonnay Description
Butter Chardonnay Description
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2022 Sonoma County Vintage Conditions
2022 Sonoma County Vintage Conditions
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La Crema: Vinification Comments
La Crema: Vinification Comments
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Rombauer Carneros Chardonnay History
Rombauer Carneros Chardonnay History
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Definition of Far Niente Chardonnay
Definition of Far Niente Chardonnay
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2023 Fair Niente Harvest Notes
2023 Fair Niente Harvest Notes
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Chloe Sauvignon Blanc
Chloe Sauvignon Blanc
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Marlborough Sauvignon Blanc Aroma
Marlborough Sauvignon Blanc Aroma
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Paul Dolan Vineyards
Paul Dolan Vineyards
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Sauvion, Vineyard Sourcing
Sauvion, Vineyard Sourcing
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Apothic White Tasting Notes
Apothic White Tasting Notes
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DAOU Reserve Rose, About
DAOU Reserve Rose, About
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ArsVitis Vineyard Scene, Origin:
ArsVitis Vineyard Scene, Origin:
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ArsVitis Vineyard Scene, Winemakers test notes
ArsVitis Vineyard Scene, Winemakers test notes
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Terlato Pinot Grigio Wine Profile
Terlato Pinot Grigio Wine Profile
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Santa Margherita Tasting Note
Santa Margherita Tasting Note
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La Marca Prosecco description
La Marca Prosecco description
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Zonin prosecco Vinification and maturation
Zonin prosecco Vinification and maturation
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Champagne Moet and Chandon brut
Champagne Moet and Chandon brut
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definition of producer
definition of producer
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The Blend
The Blend
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Study Notes
Columbia Valley 2022 Chardonnay
- The 2022 season began with an unusually cool and wet spring, leading to below-average temperatures from April to July and delaying ripening.
- The harvest started two weeks later than the average vintage.
- The moisture helped develop great canopies with a nice crop.
- The fruit quality was outstanding; the wines are promising, showing nice acidity and great flavors despite some grapes being harvested earlier than expected.
- Columbia Valley vineyards lie in the rain shadow of the Cascade Mountains and receive just 6-8 inches of rainfall annually.
- Warm, sunny days and cool evenings create ideal conditions for aroma and flavor development in the ripening grapes.
- The northerly latitude provides an extra hour of sunlight and heat during the peak of the growing season, which leads to intense fruit flavors.
- Chateau Ste. Michelle was established in 1934 and pioneered vinifera grape growing in Washington State.
- The winery owns 3,500 acres in the Columbia Valley, including Horse Heaven, Canoe Ridge Estate, and Cold Creek vineyards.
- Chateau Ste. Michelle's award-winning wines can be found in all 50 states and over 100 countries worldwide.
- Malolactic fermentation follows yeast fermentation for added richness and complexity.
- 50% of the Chardonnay is fermented in stainless steel tanks.
- 50% is aged sur lie for 5 months in a mix of neutral oak and 5% new oak for added complexity.
- The wine pairs well with chicken or seafood.
- The Columbia Valley Chardonnay is crafted in a fresh, soft style with juicy citrus and apple fruit character, along with subtle spice and oak nuances.
- The Chardonnay grapes are blended from vineyards throughout Washington's Columbia Valley to create a wine that is complex, approachable, and food-friendly.
- TA is 0.52 g/100 mL, the pH is 3.60, and the alcohol content is 14.0%.
- The blend is 99.8% Chardonnay and 0.2% other.
JaM Cellars Butter Chardonnay
- The current release is 2022, with an appellation in California.
- The varietal is 100% Chardonnay and the alcohol by volume is 14.8%.
- Butter Chardonnay is rich, bold, and luscious, made in the tradition of quality Californian winemaking.
- The grapes selected are juicy, ripe, and bursting with flavor.
- This easy-to-love chardonnay is cold fermented to a lush creaminess and aged in a unique blend of oak.
- This buttery wine brims with stone fruit and baked-lemon notes and has a lovely, long, vanilla finish.
La Crema 2022 Sonoma Coast Chardonnay
- Sonoma County had a mixed and somewhat challenging growing season in 2022, with a relatively dry winter.
- Unseasonably sunny and warm weather in February prompted early budbreak, leaving vines susceptible to early season frosts.
- Overall Spring and early summer were warm and relatively trouble-free.
- Record temperatures in late August and early September accelerated ripening and brought a rapid and fast-paced harvest.
- Chardonnay yields were a little depressed on the Sonoma Coast.
- The Chardonnay harvest began on August 25th.
- Fruit is gently pressed, settled for 24 hours, and then racked to barrel for fermentation.
- 15% of the lot was co-inoculated with a house strain of malolactic bacteria, and these barrels are then used to to top the remainder of the lot post-primary fermentation.
- Lees are stirred monthly, and the wine is aged on lees for approximately 6 months.
- The nose features Meyer lemon, Asian pear, and white flowers supported by subtle hints of oak.
- The palate has crisp apple, golden peach, and pineapple flavors.
- The concentrated, juicy, yet balanced acidity drives a lingering finish with graham cracker pie crust adding richness.
- Alcohol content is 13.5%, pH is 3.65, TA is 5.1 g/L, and RS is 0.2 g/L.
- The appellation is Sonoma Coast.
- It is aged via 94% barrel fermentation in a mix of French (75%) and American (25%) oak barrels, 17% new oak.
- The wine is matured in barrel for 6 months. The bottling date was April 31, 2022.
Rombauer 2021 Carneros Chardonnay
- Rombauer Vineyards produced their first Chardonnay with the 1982 vintage, and in 1990, they made their first Chardonnay from the Carneros region.
- The Carneros region is where the San Pablo Bay meets the southern end of Napa and Sonoma valleys.
- The fruit for this wine comes from vineyards in the Carneros region owned by the Rombauer family and select growers, including the Sangiacomo family.
- The 2021 season had light rains in January and February, followed by no notable precipitation for the rest of the growing season.
- The fruit flowered and set beautifully, leading into a warm summer without major heat spikes.
- Grapes were gently whole-cluster pressed while the fruit was still cool.
- The juice was pumped to tank to cold-settle overnight before being racked to barrel for primary and malolactic fermentations.
- The lees were stirred every two weeks to give the wine a creamy texture and rich flavors.
- The wine features ripe peach, citrus fruits, spice, and pie crust aromas.
- The palate has citrus flavors, supported by notes of apricot, and is concentrated with a creamy middle palate and strong supporting acidity.
- The finish is long and marked with hints of vanilla.
- The release date was July 2022, with the appellation being Carneros.
- The composition is 100% Chardonnay, harvested August 31st to October 8th, 2021.
- Average Brix at harvest was 23.6. The wine was aged for 9 months in American and French oak (30% new), with an alcohol content of 14.5%.
Far Niente 2023 Chardonnay Napa Valley
- The appellation is Napa Valley.
- Harvest dates span from September 7 to October 16, 2023.
- The wine is 100% Chardonnay.
- Fermentation is 89% barrel and 11% tank.
- The wine is aged sur lie in French Oak Barrels, medium toast, (45% new, 55% once used).
- The expected release date is Summer 2024.
- Far Niente Chardonnay is a blend of superlative Napa Valley vineyards located in Carneros and Coombsville.
- Carneros offers a cool maritime climate and well-draining soils.
- Coombsville provides less wind, with deeper, well-drained gravelly loam and volcanic ash soils.
- The 2023 season began with a cold, wet winter that extended into early spring.
- There were cooler temperatures and increased precipitation compared to the previous five years.
- The first 100°F day arrived on July 1st, and despite warming trends in August, Growing Degree Days remained below the 20-year average, slightly delaying the harvest.
- The earliest Coombsville Chardonnay sites began harvesting on September 7th, followed by the rest over the next six weeks.
- The 2023 Far Niente Chardonnay enchants with a bouquet of citrus, white floral, and hints of honeydew melon and nectarine.
- The wine has a silky texture and bright, refreshing palate with flavors of lemon/lime zest and lemon verbena, culminating in a long, juicy finish that leaves the palate yearning for more.
Chloe Sauvignon Blanc Marlborough, New Zealand
- It comes from prized vineyards in Marlborough, New Zealand.
- Chloe Sauvignon Blanc is a classic expression of this zesty varietal.
- Alluring aromatics lead to an intense expression of the Sauvignon Blanc grape with a generously structured mouthfeel.
- It tastes like tropical fruit aromas and layers of fresh citrus, ripe lychee and juicy pineapple delight the palate, culminating with a crisp, refreshing finish.
Kim Crawford Sauvignon Blanc
- The color is very pale yellow.
- Aromatic profile includes classic Marlborough Sauvignon Blanc aromas of lifted citrus, tropical fruit, and crushed herbs.
- This wine is a fresh, juicy wine with vibrant acidity and plenty of weight and length on the palate.
- There is Ripe, tropical fruit flavor with passion fruit, melon, and grapefruit.
- Combines fruit flavors, crisp acidity, and complexity and will develop for up to three years.
- Pairs brilliantly with fresh oysters, asparagus, lobster, or summer salads.
Paul Dolan Sauvignon Blanc
- This wines Country of origin: USA - CA
- It is from Mendocino County, with the same appellation.
- Made in stainless steel.
- Alcohol by Volume: 13.0%.
- Founded in 2006, Paul Dolan Vineyards was established with a commitment to crafting wines from 100% organically grown grapes.
- Recognized as a leading CCOF certified organically grown brand.
- It promotes and enhances biodiversity, biological cycles, and soil fertility, working to restore, maintain, and enhance ecological harmony.
- Always 100% Certified Organically Grown Grapes. It is Sustainably: Certified Organic, Certified Sustainable.
- Pair with lightly cooked shellfish, fresh herbed spring salads, grilled chicken and spicy foods.
- It is crisp and bright with a juicy mouthfeel.
- It tastes like tart green apple, lemongrass, and yuzu complimented by floral notes.
- Has a crisp and refreshing mouthfeel with a long finish.
Sauvion Sancerre 2023
- Founded in 1935, Sauvion is one of the oldest estates in the Sevre et Maine region.
- The Sauvion home, Château du Cléray, is the winery's flagship and is situated in the heart of Nantes.
- Sauvion's winemaker is third-generation vintner Pierre-Jean Sauvion.
- Grapes are sourced from 30-year-old vines planted in calcareous soil.
- It is 100% Sauvignon Blanc.
- The grapes are fermented in temperature-controlled stainless-steel tanks for 20 days.
- Aromas of white flowers and citrus fruits are complemented by subtle flinty notes.
- Medium bodied wine with medium bodied dishes and citrus to cut the richness of a baked brie.
- Alcohol is 12.46%, pH 3.27, RS 1.4g/L, and TA 6.3g/L.
Apothic White
- It is from the 2023 vintage.
- It tastes of Tropical Fruit, Peach, Vanilla.
- A crisp and juicy white blend that charms with its lively, vibrant character.
- There are Fragrant and inviting, generous notes of ripe peach, juicy tropical fruit and green apple layer on the smooth palate with more subtle creamy hints of vanilla and caramel.
- Beautifully balanced between brightness and richness.
- Suggested food pairings are Spicy jalapeño poppers, curries or barbecue.
DAOU 2023 Reserve Rosé
- Costs $40 per bottle.
- It tastes light salmon hues that anticipate enchanting aromas of jasmine, lime zest, passionfruit and pineapple with hints of creaminess.
- Has the summery flavors of raspberry, pineapple, orange, green apple, vanilla and star fruit.
- Barrel aged: 7 months in 100% new French oak
ArsVitis Vineyard Scene 2019
- The variety is Riesling. Origin is Mosel, Germany
- The Mosel has a wine growing tradition of more than 2000 years.
- The soil is characterised by porous slate which has ideal drainage for rain and good retaining properties.
- The climate is relatively cool, but a long ripening period allows the Riesling grapes to develop fine fruity aromas.
- Weather conditions were quite exceptional, from a late-frost-incident and several heat waves during the summer months.
- This 2019 vintage is deemed a very high quality product.
- Grapes from selected vineyards are chosen to produce this Riesling, then gentle pressing and strict purification of musts.
- Fermentation is achieved with selected yeasts under temperature controlled conditions. Then storage in stainless steel tanks until bottling.
- Alc. 10.0% vol. Residual Sugar 37.0 g/l = 3.7%. Acidity 7.5 g/l
- Shows green apple, pear, light citrus aroma and a great bunch of minerals. Offers a good balance of fruitiness and crispness.
- Pairs well with grilled fish, salads, light Thai-food, chicken and any kind of white-meat-dishes.
Terlato Pinot Grigio
- Utah # 382315 General Listed for $21.99
- Grapes for this Pinot Grigio are grown in the Friuli Colli Orientali DOC region of Italy.
- Hillside Estate vineyards are expertly planted, pruned, handpicked and vinified.
- The Estate vineyards unique soil and proximity to the Alps and Adriatic Sea moderates temperatures and extends the growing season.
- Light gold in color.
- Has bright notes of citrus, white peach, pear and spring flowers.
- Complex and layered with ripe peach, pear, citrus and a mouth filling texture with crisp mineral finish.
- The Varietal is Pinot Grigio with the Appellation: Friuli Colli Orientali D.O.C.
- It is 13 500 Alcohol. Aging: 6-8 months on the yeasts with weekly battonage for enhanced texture.
- The 20-45 year old vines are planted at 4,500 vines/hectare.
- Fermentation is done in stainless steel tanks to enhance the varietal aromas. No malolactic fermentation to preserve freshness drinkability.
Santa Margherita Pinot Grigio Alto Adige DOC
- Grapes: Pinot Grigio.
- Production Area: Alto Adige.
- Altitude: 200-350 m (492-655 ft.) above sea level.
- Type of Soil: Phorphiric, calcareus, morenic origin that absorbs the day's heat.
- Training System: Guyot. Plant Density 5,000 vines per hectare.
- Harvest Period: The first half of September. Alcohol level is 12,50 % vol.
- Serving Temperature: 10-12 °C (50-54 °F).
- Aging Potential: 2/3 years.
- Santa Margherita was the first company to vinify pink Pinot Grigio grapes as a white wine.
- Alcohol level is 12,50 % vol.
- It is a dry white wine with a straw yellow color and intense aroma.
- Pairs well as an aperitif, and is ideal with seafood salads or pasta.
La Marca D.O.C. Prosecco
- A sparkling wine made in the Trevisio area of Northern Italy from the Prosecco grape.
- Characterized by light and delicate fruit and floral aromatics, relatively low alcohol levels, and a friendly mouthfeel.
- Has a pale, golden straw in color.
- The nose brings fresh citrus with hints of honey and white floral notes.
- Is fresh and clean, with ripe citrus, lemon, green apple, and touches of grapefruit, minerality, and some toast.
- 100% Prosecco from the D.O.C. Veneto Region.
- pH is 3.2 with an 11.3% alcohol level with 1.7g/100ml of residual sugar.
Zonin Prosecco DOC
- 100% Glera Grape from the Veneto Area.
- An 11% alcohol level is reached via fermentation and stored in stainless steel tanks where the wine transforms into sparkling wine.
- Pale, straw yellow with subtle green hues with a persistent perlage and rich mousse in color.
- Refined and elegant, enhanced by pleasing fruity notes.
- Dry and fruity with a fresh, aromatic note on the finish.
Champagne Moet et Chandon Burt Imperial N.V.
- Champagne is north-east France and widely recognised for its prestigious sparkling wine made by traditional method.
- The vineyards of Champagne are planted in three disunct areas south of the city of Reims The Montagne de Reims, Cote des Blancs and in the south Cote des Blancs.
- A medium in weight and frait with a one strong mousse
- Yields a geneous wins of great elegance to which the Chardonnay contributes nints of brioche and hazelnut.
- Composed of Pinot Meunier (35%), Pinot Noir (35) and Chardonnay (30%)
- It has Bone dry style with 12.5 alcohol content.
Burt Yellow Label
- The quality of its Burt non vintage is based on how well the Art of Champagne blending reveals itself.
- Composed of Pinot Noir that provides the structure that is so typically Clicquot.
- Grapes from as many as 50 to 60 different Crus go to the blending of Burt Yellow Label.
- A blend that makes up: 50 to 55% Pinot Noir, 15 to 20% Pinot Meunier and 28 to 33% Chardonnay
- It looks golden-yellow, with a foaming necklace of tiny bubbles. Has a fine balance between the fruity aromas coming from the grape varieties and the toasty aromas following the ageing in the bottle.
- The older of the used wines is kept for over nine years.
- Delivers all the freshness and forcefulness so typical of Yellow Label with asymphony of fruit tastes following on.
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